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Crystal Clear
Published in Sharon Ann Holgate, Understanding Solid State Physics, 2021
It is clear from the diagram that each atom in the caesium chloride structure is surrounded by eight atoms of the opposite type, so the coordination number of the CsCl lattice is 8. (Although the unit cell shown in Figure 2.23 has the Cs+ ion in the middle and Cl− ions at the corners, the CsCl crystal structure would still be produced if it had a Cl− ion in the centre and Cs+ ions at the corners instead.) While most of the alkali halides (ionically bonded compounds composed of a Group I metal and a Group Vllb halogen) have the sodium chloride structure that we will look at next, caesium chloride (CsCl), caesium bromide (CsBr), and caesium iodide (CsI) crystallise in the caesium chloride structure. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and some types of brass (CuZn) are among the other substances that have the caesium chloride structure.
Industrial minerals
Published in Francis P. Gudyanga, Minerals in Africa, 2020
Pollucite is roasted with calcium carbonate and calcium chloride to yield insoluble calcium silicates and soluble caesium chloride which is then leached with water or dilute ammonia NH4OH to yield a dilute solution of caesium chloride CsCl. On evaporation the solution produces caesium chloride or transformed into caesium alum or caesium carbonate.
ROS-mediated cell death induced by mixed ligand copper(II) complexes of l -proline and diimine: effect of co-ligand
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Sambantham Karpagam, Radhakrishnan Kartikeyan, Pappaiyan Paravai Nachiyar, Marappan Velusamy, Mani Kannan, Muthukalingan Krishnan, Upendra Chitgupi, Jonathan F. Lovell, Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha, Venugopal Rajendiran
All reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade, obtained from different commercial outlets and used, as received, without any further purification unless otherwise stated. Copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O was purchased from Alfa Aesar (MA, USA). l-proline (l-proH), bpy, dmbpy, phen, 5,6-dmp, 3,4,7,8-tmp, ethidium bromide (EthBr), agarose (molecular biology grade), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (stored at –20 °C), and CT DNA (highly polymerized; stored at 4 °C) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (MO, USA). BSA and pUC19 SC DNA (caesium chloride purified) were obtained from Bangalore Genei (India). All commercial solvents were distilled by standard procedures [31] and used for preparation of the ligands and complexes. Ultra-pure water (18.2 µΩ) was used for the preparation of all buffers and for biological experiments.
Requirements engineering of Malaysian radiological medical emergency response simulator
Published in Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 2018
Amy Hamijah binti Ab. Hamid, Mohd Zaidi Abd Rozan, Roliana Ibrahim, Safaai Deris, Ali Selamat, Muhd. Noor Muhd. Yunus
According to the mentioned literatures above, in 1985, the cause of the Goiana radiological accident in Brazil originated from a radiography source with localized activity intake of 410-Sv dose range. This accident has been among the most serious radiological accidents ever. This accident happened when a private radiotherapy institute was moved to new premises and transported a cobalt-60 tele therapy unit and left a caesium-137 tele therapy unit without notifying the licensing authority (regulator). The unit was removed and dismantle improperly. The radioactive source is a form of highly soluble caesium chloride salt, which was readily dispersible. The environment was contaminated and several persons critically affected by the radiation.
Evaluation of the impact of soil contamination with mercury and application of soil amendments on the yield and chemical composition of Avena sativa L.
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Wiera Sądej, Andrzej C. Żołnowski, Zdzisław Ciećko, Łukasz Grzybowski, Radosław Szostek
After harvest, the yield of grain, straw and roots from each pot was determined. The collected plant material was dried to constant mass at 60 °C for determination of dry matter, after which it was ground and stored in plastic containers. The following were determined in all the plant parts:Total nitrogen (Ntot) by the thermal conductivity method on a nitrogen analyzer LECO Corporation FP-428;After wet mineralization in concentrated nitric acid using microwave accelerated reaction system MARS-5 (CEM Corporation), the content of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) was determined by the ASA method using an atomic absorption spectrometer AAnalyst 700 (Perkin Elmer Instruments). The software program WinLab 32 version 6.5.0.0266 was applied;The content of phosphorus (P) using the colorimetric vanadate-molybdate method;Hg in the plants using the technology of generation of cold vapor in an atomic absorption spectrometer (CV-AAS).Samples for Hg spectrometric analyses (soil and plant tissue) were dry mineralized at a temperature of 500 °C, after which they were dissolved in concentrated nitric acid and filtered. In order to eliminate unwanted events caused by the presence of components which interfere with analytical processes, 0.2% caesium chloride was added, as it reduces ionization of atoms in an analyte (eliminates ionization events). The spectrophotometer was set to make triplicate measurements, after which an averaged result was achieved. The calibration of the spectrophotometer was monitored by analyzing 100 ppm (10−6) of the standard every 12 measurements. If the result was different by ±5%, the instrument was recalibrated.