China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Qualitative Characterization of Biodiesel Fuels
Published in Ozcan Konur, Biodiesel Fuels, 2021
The ‘cloud point’ (CP), ‘pour point’ (PP), and ‘cold filter plugging point’ (CFPP) are the key parameters that largely determine the low temperature characteristic of esters. The CP refers to the temperature at which the separation of wax starts and the diameter of crystal forms is larger than 0.5 μm, while the PP is the minimum temperature below which the fluid fails to flow. The CFPP is the lowest temperature at which a certain volume of fuel entirely flows under certain conditions through a standardized filtration device within a specified interval. Biodiesel fuels show inferior ‘cold flow properties’. The low-temperature performance of biodiesel is largely determined by the molecular structure as well as the nature of the feedstock and strongly depends upon the degree of saturation.
Field Pennycress
Published in Girma Biresaw, K.L. Mittal, Surfactants in Tribology, 2017
Roque L. Evangelista, Steven C. Cermak, Milagros P. Hojilla-Evangelista, Bryan R. Moser, Terry A. Isbell, Girma Biresaw, K.L. Mittal
Fuel properties of pennycress oil, TGB, PME, and No. 2 diesel (Table 14.5) were evaluated following ASTM standards [32]. The density (g/cm3) was measured at 20°C using Anton Paar DSM 5000 (Anton Paar USA, Inc., Ashland, VA) density meter according to ASTM D4052 [61]. The kinematic viscosity (mm2/s) was determined using Anton Paar’s Stabinger Viscometer SVM3000 following ASTM D445 [48]. The fuel’s high heating value (HHV, J/g), also known as gross caloric value, was quantified using an IKA C200 calorimeter (IKA Works, Inc., Wilmington, NC) according to ASTM D240 [62]. The CFPP (°C) was determined using an automated CFPP analyzer (Lawler DR4-14, Lawler Manufacturing Corp., Edison, NJ) in conformity with ASTM D6371 [47].
Biodiesel
Published in Arumugam S. Ramadhas, Alternative Fuels for Transportation, 2016
Arumugam Sakunthalai Ramadhas, Simon Jayaraj, Chandrasekaran Muraleedharan
Cold filter plugging point (CFPP) is the temperatures at which a fuel will cause a fuel filter to plug due to fuel components that have begun to crystallize or gel. CFPP of biodiesel is determined as per EN 116 test method. CFPP reflects the cold weather performance of the fuel. At lower temperatures fuel will not flow properly and affects the fuel pumps and fuel injectors. CFPP is less conservative than the cloud point, and is considered by some to be the true indication of low temperature operability.
Assessment of oxidative stability of biodiesel and biodiesel blends
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Sivashankar Arumugam, Ravikumar Muthaiyan, Silambarasan Rajendran
Figure 10 presents the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) values of biodiesel and blends during the storage period. CFPP is an important parameter that measures the low-temperature operability of diesel fuel. It represents the lowest temperature at which fuel can pass through a standardized filter under certain conditions. The results show that during the 90 days of storage, there were virtually no changes in the CFPP values of biodiesel and blends. These values were found to be in accordance with the recommended values, indicating that the biodiesel and blends can be used in all regions of the world, at any time of the year. This observation suggests that the storage conditions did not significantly affect the low-temperature operability of the biodiesel and blends. However, it is important to note that the CFPP values of biodiesel and blends can be influenced by factors such as the type of feedstock, the production process, and the storage conditions. Therefore, regular testing is necessary to ensure that the CFPP values of biodiesel and blends remain within the recommended limits, especially in colder regions or during winter months when low-temperature operability is crucial (Oni and Oluwatosin 2020).
Sustainable route for S. Oleosa biodiesel production using response surface methodology
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Harveer Singh Pali, Abhishek Sharma, Naveen Kumar, Yashvir Singh
CFPP is the minimum temperature where fuel can pass a typical precise filter. It is used to calculate operability at low temperature. From Figure 8a,b,d effect of MR on CFPP was seen clearly, with increasing MR it reduces sharply up to value of 9. Reason behind that is methanol has very good cold flow property. It was also observed that higher MR shows reverse trend that is due to reversible transformation of ester into triglycerides. After the transesterification process glycerol is the byproduct. Due to that cold flow property improves of the ester. CC effect can be seen by Figure 8a,c. From both of surface plots best value of CFPP were seen only when KOH concentration was 1% (w/w) approximately. RT and reaction temperature impact can be seen by Figure 8c,d and 8b, both of these parameters have slightly impact on CFPP and center values shows better results.
Direct bioconversion of rice residue from canteen waste into lipids by new amylolytic oleaginous yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus KX709872
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Thanongsak Chaiyaso, Wimada Srisuwan, Charin Techapun, Masanori Watanabe, Shinji Takenaka
Saponification value of KX709872 biodiesel was 205.41 mg KOH/g fat. SV is used to measure the molecular weight or chain length of fatty acids. This parameter is usually low for long-chain fatty acids because of a lesser number of carboxylic functional groups per unit fat mass than short-chain fatty acids.[27] KX709872 biodiesel showed IV of 55.93 g I2/g fat, which satisfies both EN 14214 (≤120 g I2/g fat) and ASTM D6751 (≤115 g I2/g fat). IV usually measures the number of double bonds in fatty acids, which is connected to unsaturation.[27] High IV results in gum formation during heating of fuel, while low DU (low IV) influences OS and facilitates long storage periods.[26] Moreover, DU and the location and number of double bonds seriously affect the rate of auto-oxidation.[27] Biodiesel obtained from KX709872 showed a maximum OS of 9.89 h, which was higher than that required by the ASTM and EN standards. HHV is the heat produced after complete combustion of fuels; it is also known as calorific value or heat of combustion. KX709872 biodiesel showed a maximum HHV of 35.63 MJ/kg. CFPP is the lowest temperature at which fuel easily passes through a standardized filtration device.[27] The CFPP of KX709872 biodiesel was 0.08°C.