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Fragrance Finishing on Textile Substrate for Odour Control
Published in G. Thilagavathi, R. Rathinamoorthy, Odour in Textiles, 2022
Thillaipandian Hemamalini, Venkateshwarapuram Rengaswami Giri Dev
The limitation of the microencapsulation technique is the size of the nanoparticles, which have the tendency to fall off from the fabric, thereby causing difficulty in providing the sustainable fragrance release with the fabric. The rose fragrance was homogenized in deionized water by the addition of a wetting agent. Butyl cyanoacrylate was added to the solution, and the polymerization was carried out at a pH of 7 with the addition of sodium hydroxide. Emulsion containing rose fragrance nanoparticle was coated on the cotton fabric using the impregnation technique. It was found that the rose fragrance particle adhered to the fabric was the size of 51.4 nm. The crystallinity of the oil-incorporated fabric was found to be lower compared to the pristine cotton fabric, which indicates the presence of fragrance oil on the fabric as the oil possess no crystal structure. The release of fragrance from the nanoparticle-incorporated fabric was found to be sustainable for 50 washing cycles compared to the coating of rose oil on the fabric, which was confirmed through testing using an electronic nose (Hu et al. 2011).
Introduction and Basics of Nanotechnology
Published in Rakesh K. Sindhu, Mansi Chitkara, Inderjeet Singh Sandhu, Nanotechnology, 2021
Anjali Saharan, Pooja Mittal, Kashish Wilson, Inderjeet Verma
This method involves polymerization of monomers in an aqueous solution. For the preparation of aqueous solution, two different techniques are used: (a) emulsion polymerization—emulsification of monomer in nonsolvent phase and (b) dispersion polymerization-dispersion of monomer in nonsolvent phase. The drug is incorporated in the nanoparticle either by dissolution of drug in polymerization medium or by adsorption on the nanoparticle. This suspension of nanoparticles contains excipients like surfactants and stabilizers, which are finally removed by the ultracentrifugation method and the resulting suspension is suspended in an isotonic medium that is surfactant free. The nanoparticles produced by this method are poly butyl cyanoacrylate or poly(alkylcyanoacrylate). The process variables of particle size are concentration of stabilizer and surfactant involved in preparation.
Poly(Alkyl Cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles for Delivery of Anti-Cancer Drugs
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
R. S. R. Murthy, L. Harivardhan Reddy
Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles of n-butyl cyanoacrylate containing methotrexate were prepared by DP and EP.20 DP nanoparticles were prepared using dextran as a stabilizer; the EP nanoparticles were stabilized by poloxamer 188. A high zeta potential was observed for nanoparticles prepared by the DP method, whereas the incorporation of methotrexate resulted in a decrease in zeta potential. The DP nanoparticles exhibited a high release of methotrexate, suggesting the channelizing effect of dextran chains incorporated into nanoparticles during polymerization. When tested in two different release media such as 0.1 mol L−1 HCl and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, a significant difference (p < 0.01) in release rates was found for DP and EP nanoparticles. Drug release from both the nanoparticles followed Fickian diffusion in 0.1-molL−1 HCl, whereas the mechanism was found anomalous in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. A similar study conducted on PBCA nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride by incorporation and adsorption techniques showed rapid drug release in 0.001-N HCl from both DP and EP nanoparticles; the release kinetics followed the Higuchi equation.
PEG-coumarin nanoaggregates as π–π stacking derived small molecule lipophile containing self-assemblies for anti-tumour drug delivery
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Gautam Behl, Parveen Kumar, Manisha Sikka, Laurence Fitzhenry, Aruna Chhikara
The CUR-loaded nanoaggregates were further characterized by FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 2). The spectra were obtained for conjugates PC1, PC2, PC3 and CUR-loaded nanoaggregates PC1-CUR, PC2-CUR and PC3-CUR and free CUR. In the FTIR spectrum of CUR, the characteristic O–H and C=O stretching vibrations were observed at 3508 and 1627 cm−1. Symmetric aromatic ring stretching vibrations (C=C ring) appeared as a strong band at 1601 cm−1. The stretching vibration corresponding to C=O stretch, enol C–O stretch and C–O–C stretch were observed at 1507, 1274 and 1026 cm−1 respectively [37,38]. In case of CUR-loaded nanoaggregates, peaks observed in the IR spectrum of CUR at 1371, 1315, 1274 and 1026 cm−1 appeared at 1364 and 1328 cm−1 in PC1-CUR, 1281 cm−1 in PC2-CUR and 1027 cm−1 at PC3-CUR. These shift observed in vibration peaks of CUR in addition to the presence of all other peaks of conjugates at their respective places clearly indicate the formation of CUR-conjugate complex as a result of physical interactions. The IR peak shifts have also been reported earlier for CUR loading in mPEG/PCL [39] and other nanoparticulate system based on chitosan/poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) [40]. The peak shift is quite common phenomenon reported for the preparation of soluble complex of CUR with cyclodextrin, where the shifts were attributed to the interactions between the cyclodextrin and CUR leading to the formation of stable assembly [38,41].