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Fruit and Vegetable Waste An Economic Alternate to Costlier Raw Materials for Value Added Products
Published in Gunjan Mukherjee, Sunny Dhiman, Waste Management, 2023
Andrea Komesu, Luiza Helena da Silva Martins, Poornima Pandey, Arindam Kuila, Carolina Ferreira Andrade Penteado, Eduardo Dellosso Penteado, Johnatt Allan Rocha de Oliveira
The utilization of pineapple wastes as a source of bioactive compounds, especially in proteolytic enzymes, is an alternative means (Ketnawa et al. 2012). The enzyme, bromelain, which is present in pineapple, has potential for application in therapeutics as well as in the food industry (Gil and Maupoey 2018). Other applications are in tanning, for leather and textile industries, skin softening, hair removal, wool, and detergent formulations. Moreover, bromelain has been used as a folk medicine, a wound healer, an anti-inflammatory, and an anti-diarrhea and digestive aid (Ketnawa et al. 2012). Because of this very wide range of applications, commercial bromelain is very expensive costing up to 2400 USD/kg (Ketnawa et al. 2012).
Pineapple Processing Waste Utilization for Sustainable Development in North-Eastern States of India
Published in Prakash K. Sarangi, Latika Bhatia, Biotechnology for Waste Biomass Utilization, 2023
Th. Anand Singh, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Ng. Joykumar Singh
Bromelain is a group of cystiene proteolytic enzymes derived from pineapples that have similar but distinctly different amino acid sequences. Stem, peel, juice crown, and core of pineapple contain a considerable amount of bromelain. Many studies have shown that pineapple by-products could be exploited as cheap sources of bromelain enzyme (Murachi, 1967). Bromelain has found applications in the medicinal and cosmetic industries as anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, fibrinolytic activities, skin cleaning agent, and anticancer agent. Furthermore, bromelain is finding wide applications in pharmaceutical and food uses (Hebbar et al., 2008).
Sources, Composition, and Characterization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts
Published in Anil Kumar Anal, Parmjit S. Panesar, Valorization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts, 2023
Dipak Das, Parmjit S. Panesar, Gaurav Panesar, Yakindra Timilsena
Byproducts produced from various fruit and vegetables such as pineapple, citrus fruit, and tomato processing plants are sustainable, easily available, and the most abundant plant residue that can be used in multipurpose applications. The presence of several bioactive components and flavour compounds and the chemical composition of pineapple peel is suitable for wine production. Wine from pineapple peel is generally produced by using S. cerevisiae in fermentation. Chemical compounds like vinegar, which have antioxidant activity, can be produced from pineapple peel. Acetobacter bacteria is commonly used in the fermentation of pineapple peel for producing vinegar. The vinegar obtained from pineapple peel gives an antioxidant activity of 2077 mg ascorbate equivalents (AE)/100 ml (Rabiu et al., 2018). Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme that can be extracted from the pineapple stem and has multiple applications in the food industry. Citrus fruit processing byproducts such as albedo, flavedo, and seeds have many food, phytochemical, and pharmaceutical applications. Essential oils obtained from citrus byproducts can be used as flavour compounds in various food products and beverages (Anagnostopoulou et al., 2006). After removing the essential oil, citrus residues can be used to produce dietary fibre. One study suggested that these residues are rich sources of cellulytic fibre (Chau and Huang, 2003). A large amount of by-product residues, around 24,000 kg/ha is generated during the harvesting of tomatoes. In addition, industrially processed tomato by-product residues, including immature, defective, and damaged tomatoes, are produced in significant quantities. These residues are rich in several soluble and insoluble fibres, such as pectin, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which makes them suitable as an ingredient for animal feed and organic fertilizer development (Fritsch et al., 2017).
Comparative study of intermediate-wave and catalytic infrared drying on the kinetics and physicochemical properties of pineapple rings
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Essodézam Sylvain Tiliwa, Chang Han, Baoguo Xu, Arun S. Mujumdar, Cunshan Zhou, Haile Ma
The activity of bromelain, a beneficial enzyme in pineapple, was also investigated. Bromelain is a complex of cysteine proteases found exclusively in pineapple. Research has documented its favorable impact on protein digestion as well as its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, exposure to organic solvents or high temperatures may reduce its activity.[26] This is proven by our results in which bromelain activity at 60–80 °C was reduced by 24–56% in IWD, 34–65% in CID, and 38–74% in HAD. Bromelain activity was highly decreased when the temperature increased. In HAD, the combined effect of temperature and long treatment times led to higher bromelain activity reductions than infrared drying methods. However, milder molecular heating conditions in IWD enhanced bromelain activity retention compared to CID.
Production of bromelain aerosols using spray-freeze-drying technique for pulmonary supplementation
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
M. N. Lavanya, R. Preethi, J. A. Moses, C. Anandharamakrishnan
The anti-inflammatory activity of bromelain aerosols was studied (Figure 2) and results showed significant stabilization of HRBC membranes. The 1:10 formulation showed 65% protection followed by 1:25 and 1:50 formulations. Unprocessed bromelain showed values around 76.8%, indicating a significant difference at p < 0.05. Bromelain exhibits systemic anti-inflammatory effects in sinusitis and placebo-controlled patients and exhibits improved breathing and decreased mucosal inflammation upon administration.[56] Secor et al.[1] evaluated the role of bromelain on allergic airway disease (AAD) using a ovalbumin (OVA)-murin model. A 6 mg/kg of bromelain was administered twice a day for four consecutive days to mices with asthma. Later, the animals were examined and it was confirmed that the administered bromelain had a significant effect on asthma and hypersensitivity disorders, with a lesser incidence of inflammation in the airways.