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Pulmonary reactions to chemotherapeutic agents: the ‘chemotherapy lung’
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Fabien Maldonado, Andrew H Limper
Bleomycin is excreted predominantly by the kidneys. Accordingly, the presence of renal dysfunction has been associated with a higher incidence of adverse pulmonary toxicity. Bleomycin is further inactivated by an enzyme known as bleomycin hydrolase, which is found mainly in the liver and spleen. This enzyme is relatively absent in the lung and the skin, which may explain both the pulmonary toxicity and the cutaneous scleroderma-like changes frequently described with bleomycin.14
Liquid crystals as signal transducers for sensing of analytes using aptamer as a recognition probe
Published in Liquid Crystals Reviews, 2021
Manisha Devi, Ipsita Pani, Santanu Kumar Pal
Conjugated β-lactoglobulin-23 (β-LG) aptamer at 3′ with C16 dialkyl tails or through spacer C12/T10 can be used to decorate the aqueous-LC interface [74]. Aptamer-amphiphile without spacer was found to be the best in terms of binding affinity and form antiparallel G-quadruplex secondary structure in the presence of β-LG. A very interesting concept for the detection of tumour markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)) in blood was reported using aptamer-decorated LC-aqueous interface assisted with target-induced dissociation (TID) of aptamer [75]. The authors used magnetic beads coated with streptavidin which were further coated with biotin-labelled aptamer (Apt1-MBs) for capturing the proteins. In the presence of signal DNA duplex (Apt2 and signal ssDNA), magnetic beads form the sandwich complex of Apt1-protein-Apt2 and release the signal DNA from the signal DNA duplex which hybridized with the specific DNA-OTAB-laden LC-aqueous interface. Furthermore, they employed this principle for the simultaneous detection of CEA, AFP, and PSA by using 3D printed optical cells. Very recently, Hu et al. used aptamer-decorated OTAB LC-aqueous interface for the detection of bleomycin (BLM, antibiotic used to treat cancer) and bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH, enhance the activity of BLM) [76]. Recently, Wang et al. developed a LC-based diagnostic kit for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [77]. RNA of SARS-CoV-2 hybridized with ssDNA decorated on the CTAB-laden LC-aqueous interface. The change in the LC orientation after hybridization was easily observed using smartphones. Based on these reports, we can conclude that LC-based aptasensors can act as a robust platform for other biomolecules. We have summarized the detection of various biomolecules using aptamers at LC interfaces in Figure 10 and Table 1.