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Iron-based Catalysis toward Biomass Processing
Published in Piyal Mondal, Mihir Kumar Purkait, Green Synthesized Iron-based Nanomaterials, 2023
Piyal Mondal, Mihir Kumar Purkait
Hydrogen has a high energy content of about 130 MJ/kg and is a clean energy carrier with the potential to replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen is already in use as an experimental fuel in buses and public transport systems in a few major cities around the world. Hydrogen fuel cell powered electric cars are also available in selected markets as a test program (Gurz et al., 2017). However, it uses commercial methods for its production that are not environmentally friendly; they require a major energy input and entail high costs. On the other hand, biohydrogen production offers an environmentally friendly alternative. It makes good use of organic wastes and requires less energy, and in particular the microorganism-based methods require relatively low energy input compared to thermochemical and electrolysis processes. The use of iron-based catalysts is known in a number of areas of biobased hydrogen production, such as the use of iron-based catalysts in biomass pyrolysis to produce hydrogen-rich syngas and the use of iron-based enzymes in biochemical hydrogen production methods.
Recent Advancements in Biohydrogen Production: Thermochemical and Biological Conversion Routes
Published in Sonil Nanda, Prakash K. Sarangi, Biohydrogen, 2022
Meenakshi Rajput, Amandeep Brar, Vivekanand Vivekanand, Nidhi Pareek
Different taxonomic and physiological varieties of microorganisms are efficient in the production of biohydrogen. These microorganisms use the enzymes viz. hydrogenase and nitrogenase as hydrogen-producing proteins. These enzymes play a significant role in regulating the hydrogen metabolism in a range of prokaryotic and many eukaryotic microorganisms including green algae. These microorganisms involve the process of biophotolysis, which happens because of the light effect leading to the splitting of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen (Azwar et al., 2014). The biological pathways that are involved in the synthesis of biohydrogen are either light-dependent or light-independent pathways.
Socio-Economic and Techno-Economic Aspects of Biomethane and Biohydrogen
Published in Sonil Nanda, Prakash K. Sarangi, Biomethane, 2022
Ranjita Swain, Rudra Narayan, Biswa R. Patra
Biohydrogen and biomethane are the potential resources of fuel that can be used in many sectors like transport, domestic, and industrial use. They are renewable energy like solar and wind energy. In different countries, the production of both fuels can be carried out by using different technologies. In some countries, these fuels can be produced by upgrading the existing biogas plant. Other organic wastes, agro products, algae, waste generated from industry, households, and municipalities are also potential sources for the production of biomethane. The existing plants can also be upgraded to recover biomethane from different methods.
Enhanced fermentative biohydrogen production from milk processing wastewater by magnetic spinel ferrites nanoparticles
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Seif Eddine Lakroun, Khalida Boutemak, Ahmed Haddad, Esma Mahfouf Bouchareb, Raouf Bouchareb
Numerous processes and technologies were realized to produce biogas and/or improve a bioenergy production rate in addition of the combined process of direct absorption methane digester, solar heat collection and microorganisms’ photo-biochemical reaction (Liu et al. 2018), using a solar radiant heating combined with a traditional bioreactor (Liu et al. 2019) and the application of nanosheets with outstanding electrochemical process (Sun et al. 2020). Furthermore, biohydrogen can be produced by dark fermentation, which is an environmentally friendly process that permits the utilization of organic wastes and several types of wastewaters as cheap substrates. Additional advantages can be mentioned as well as its low energy requirements and its simple operation conditions (Yang, Yin, and Wang 2019).
Dark fermentation of pretreated hydrolysates of pineapple fruit waste for the production of biohydrogen using bacteria isolated from wastewater sources
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Jerry Mechery, C. S. Praveen Kumar, V. Ambily, Abin Varghese, V. P Sylas
Biohydrogen is the apposite energy carrier for the future with its superior qualities of regenerative capacity, carbon neutral nature, and high energy density (142 kJ/g).The commercialisation of hydrogen economy has started to progress globally, which can in the long run substitute the present petroleum-based economy. Hydrogen energy can be utilised in the generation of electricity, heat, power, transportation, and also in industrial applications [1]. The regulations adopted for the desulphurisation of petroleum products have led to increased demand for hydrogen as a transportation fuel [2]. The advent of hydrogen introduces the creation of a circular economy, where energy production is based on the huge waste materials generated by the present developed world [3]. Biological hydrogen production from organic matter through dark fermentation method by bacterial activity is gaining renowned attention in this context. Integration of microorganisms like bacteria has been the most effective way to boost bioprocessing efficiency and enhance biohydrogen production [4]. Studies on the potential of indigenous bacterial species for hydrogen production are very limited.
Effect of seed sludge on the startup of biohydrogen producing reactor with mixed strains of cellulose biomass
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Yongsheng Zhang, Jianfei Liu, Wenzhong Xu, Jing Liu, Qing Liang, Weilong Zhao, Xin Guo
Compared with biologic and chemical hydrogen production, though biohydrogen production has advantages like low cost, mild reaction, and low-energy consumption, it also has some problems, such as difficult design for process dealing, slow start-up, low efficiency, and instability. These problems have impacted the development of biohydrogen producing technology. In the design and selection of biohydrogen producing process, researchers have developed some reactors which were used and studied frequently. For example, continuous mixed stirred tank reactor (CSTR) (Han et al. 2016), anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) (Ziganshin et al. 2016), membrane separation reactor (MBR) (Bakonyi et al. 2017), fluidized bed reactor (FBR) (Dessì et al. 2018), upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) (Jha, Kana, and Schmidt 2017), anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) (Khan et al. 2018), expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) (Wang et al. 2015), and so on. These biohydrogen production technologies have lots of strong points and good hydrogen production efficiency, but they also have some shortcomings in operation. When the operating loading is high, sludge loss frequently appears in the nonimmobilized reactor, the system biomass quantity fluctuate greatly, and it is difficult to improve the substrate decomposition rate and hydrogen production efficiency continuously. However, in recent report, immobilization reactor with fillings deploys combination of activated sludge method and biofilm method, which exists the same problem above.