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Nano Delivery of Antiviral Plant Bioactives as Cancer Therapeutics
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Haripriya Shanmugam, Badma Priya, Manickam Senguttuvan Swetha, Janani Semalaiyappan
Alkaloids are commonly occurring bioactives present in potatoes, tomatos, and fungi. Several preclinical studies have evidence on the antitumour significance of alkaloids, such as vinblastine, vincristine, tryptamine, liriodenine, and berberine (Mondal et al. 2019). Berberine, predominantly used as anti-diabetic bioactive, also has anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects with very low cytotoxic effects. Like other alkaloids, it interferes with the signalling pathway and disrupts viral replication. It works against SARS-CoV-2, HSV, human cytomegalo viruses, and chikungunya viruses (Warowicka et al. 2020). Berberine is also exploited in the treatment of amnesia and Alzheimer’s disease. It has also been studied extensively for its antitumour effects exhibiting high cytotoxicity in tumour cells and is known to amplify the cytotoxicity of other anticancer drugs. It mainly targets the kinases responsible for cell cycle and transcription, eventually inhibiting cell growth (Habtemariam 2020).
Compounds of Plant Origin as AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activators
Published in Alexander V. Kutchin, Lyudmila N. Shishkina, Larissa I. Weisfeld, Gennady E. Zaikov, Ilya N. Kurochkin, Alexander N. Goloshchapov, Chemistry and Technology of Plant Substances, 2017
Daria S. Novikova, Gleb S. Ivanov, Alexander V. Garabadzhiu, Viacheslav G. Tribulovich
Berberine (Fig. 9.18) is a plant alkaloid, found in many plants, including Berberis vulgaris. In the form of bisulfate, berberine is used as a cholagogue. It was shown that berberine increases the AMPK activity to a greater extent compared with AICAR. In addition, it was found that its therapeutic effect in the treatment of diabetes is at least partially mediated by the activation of AMPK [97]. It is believed that the mechanism of the AMPK activation by berberine and more bioavailable dihyidroberberine (Fig. 9.18) does not involve the LKB1- or CaMKKp-signaling pathway and is associated with changes in the AMP/ATP ratio as a result of the inhibition of Complex I of the electron transport chain [98]. It should be noted that berberine and its derivative have a significant structural similarity with sanguinarine, which possesses a direct activating effect.
Alkaloids potential health Benefits and toxicity
Published in Quan V. Vuong, Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural and Food Waste, 2017
Renée A. Street, Gerhard Prinsloo, Lyndy J. McGaw
Berberine protects against heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, arrhythmias and platelet aggregation (Caliceti et al. 2016, Xia and Luo 2016). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a fundamental role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R)-induced apoptosis (Zhao et al. 2016). A recent study investigated whether the protective effects of berberine resulted from modulating ER stress levels during MI/R injury and defined the signaling mechanisms. The study concluded that berberine ameliorates MI/R injury in rats by activating the AK2/ STAT3 signaling pathway and reducing ER stress-induced apoptosis (Zhao et al. 2016). A further study revealed that berberine treatment protects against I/R ischemia- reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction by selectively inhibiting excessive autophagy (Huang et al. 2015). A further study revealed that berberine has been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels by inhibiting cholesterol absorption and promoting its excretion. Treatment with berberine (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) in rats fed an atherogenic diet for eight weeks reduced plasma total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 29–33 per cent and 31–41 per cent, respectively (Wang et al. 2014). Based on clinical trial evidence, in vivo animal experiments, and in vitro cellular studies, berberine was scientifically proven to be a safe and effective cholesterol-lowering drug (Liu et al. 2016). Strong evidence suggests that berberine may be a promising tool in response to cardiovascular disorders and will have an important role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease in future (Xia and Luo 2016).
Recent update on nano-phytopharmaceuticals in the management of diabetes
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Rakesh Kumar Paul, Prashant Kesharwani, Kaisar Raza
Further, it is expected that the clinical reports of quercetin nanoformulations on diabetes will be published soon. The preclinical studies of berberine nanoformulations have shown to be effective against diabetes, but extensive clinical investigation is required for further positive outcomes [10]. Apart from that, currently, there are no nano-based herbal formulations in the clinical trials phase as per the ClinicalTrials.gov website, which creates an extensive challenge for developing novel herbal nanoformulations. But the pipeline for nano-herbal technology plays a crucial role in diabetes therapeutics. So, as per the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline, nano-based medicines would be applicable for clinical use if the product is safe and easily eliminated from the body [73].