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Innovative technological interventions to combat pandemic proliferation
Published in Harish Hirani, Technological Innovations for Effective Pandemic Response, 2023
Sanitizers can be classified as: alcohol-based and non-alcohol-based (i.e., benzalkonium chloride) sanitizers. Benzalkonium chloride (non-alcohol-based disinfectant) is preferred for clinical, food line, and domestic household biocides to inhibit growth of microorganisms. The sanitizers can quickly reduce the number of microbes through denaturing of enveloped layers but cannot remove the denatured cell walls and viral genomes from the hand. These kinds of sanitizers are less effective against “non-enveloped viruses” and “hands soiled with any dirt or grease”.
Corrosion
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Mitigation of Gas Pipeline Integrity Problems, 2020
Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as QUATS, are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure NR4+, R being an alkyl group or an aryl group. QUATS prevent the formation of polysaccharide secretions during bacterial colonization, thus showing antibacterial activity. QUATS are used in closed systems and gas manifolds. On the other hand, they are not used during the exploitation of oil because they may adversely affect the permeability of the crude oil deposit. Furthermore, they are not compatible with oxidizing agents, especially the chlorates, peroxides, chromates, or permanganates. Most of these compounds are readily biodegradable. Benzalkonium chloride is a common type of QUAT salt used as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and a phase transfer agent.
Internal Corrosion Protection
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Corrosion Protection for the Oil and Gas Industry, 2019
Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as QUATS, are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure NR4+, R being an alkyl group or an aryl group. QUATS prevent the formation of polysaccharide secretions during bacterial colonization, thus slowing antibacterial activity. QUATS are used in closed systems and gas manifolds. However, they are not used during the exploitation of oil because they may adversely affect the permeability of the crude oil deposit. Furthermore, they are not compatible with oxidizing agents, especially the chlorates, peroxides, chromates, or permanganates. Most of these compounds are readily biodegradable. Benzalkonium chloride is a common type of QUATS salt used as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent.
N-chlorosuccinimide enhancing the antimicrobial effect of benzalkonium chloride on biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its interaction mechanisms
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Zaihui Huang, Zheng Qi, Xiaohu Ding, Chunguang Liu
Benzalkonium chloride (BZC), as a kind of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, has been widely applied in the fields of food, life, and medicine due to its outstanding antimicrobial/bacteriostatic properties and wide anti-microbial spectrum.[1–3] However, its application is limited due to its high environmental requirements and drug resistance.[4–6] Kampf et al.[7] reported that low-level BZC exposure induced bacteria adaption, leading to a sharp increase in minimum inhibitory concentration. Although the high dose of BZC can improve the germicidal efficacy to a certain extent, it also poses ecological risks.[8] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the antibacterial effect of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant and reduce the resistance of bacteria.