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Transportation and Storage
Published in Arthur J. Kidnay, William R. Parrish, Daniel G. McCartney, Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, 2019
Arthur J. Kidnay, William R. Parrish, Daniel G. McCartney
where C = 737 in USES and 0.01 in SIQ is the gas flow rate, scfd (m3/day at base conditions)d is the internal pipe diameter, in (mm)Tb and Pb are base pressures and temperature, 14.73 psia, 520°R (1.0156 bara, 288.9 K)E is an efficiency factor, normally between 0.88–0.92P1 and P2 are the inlet and outlet pressures, psia (kPa (abs))SpGr is gas relative densityLm length of line in mi (m)Tavg average temperature of the gas °R (K)zavg average compressibility factor (see Appendix B4)
Interfacial Catalysis at Oil/Water Interfaces
Published in Alexander G. Vdlkdv, Interfacial Catalysis, 2002
Increasing the reaction temperature accelerates the reaction rate [221-226,230-233]. However, the catalyst existing in the third liquid phase as well as in the organic phase should still be maintained. Under strong base conditions in TLPTC, the catalyst and the active intermediate have the tendency to decompose at a high temperature, hence, a limiting reaction temperature should be kept in maintaining the third liquid phase.
Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
The allowable stress is where the unique nature of the material is taken into account. Determination of allowable stress begins by first finding the tabulated stress for a given species, stress grade, and size category. The tabulated stress applies directly to a set of base conditions (e.g., normal duration of load, dry service conditions, standard size, normal temperature, and so on). The tabulated stress is then subjected to a series of adjustment factors, which converts the base conditions for the table to the conditions for a particular design. See Figure 31.2.
Using expanded polystyrene geofoam and tire-derived aggregate in different forms to reduce vertical earth pressure on high-filled cut-and-cover tunnels
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Shamil Ahmed Flamarz Arkawazi, Mohammad Hajiazizi
Li et al.’s (2019) modified equation is a modification of soil column pressure equation (q = γℎ) using the ANSYS finite element code to investigate the influences of each of the factors; S, D, E, θ and B which were mentioned previously through four proposed corresponding coefficients, k0, k1, k2 and k3. For the HFCCT study model with the base conditions, by adding the effect of S, D, E, θ and B to the soil column pressure equation through Li et al.’s (2019) modified equation, the VEP on the top of the HFCCT reduced from 791.01 kPa to 569.985 kPa. On the other hand, the estimated VEP value using Abaqus CAE 2019 is almost equal to the calculated value of the VEP using the soil column pressure equation, where the difference between the two values of the VEP is only 0.156% (see, Table 9).
The Interactions of Turbine Hot Streak and Leakage Flow from the Inter-Platform Gap
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2019
Kang He, Junkui Mao, Xingsi Han, Tian Yao
For more detailed information about the cooling effect on the half span's blade pressure surface and hub endwall, Figure 12 presents the difference of the temperature contours between the additional and base conditions showing the cooling performance from N = 55 to N = 95 (representing the whole period of the hot streak passing the same blade) under the condition of RPLE = 75%. Figure 12a shows the path of HS sweeping over the blade PS from the leading edge to the middle blade, meanwhile resulting in significant high temperature at the blade surface. Associated with Figure 11 in the plane of Cax = 40%, the high temperature region on the blade PS in Figure 12a also expands toward the hub under the vortices drive.
Preparation and characterization of n-octylamine modified alginate/chitosan microspheres for controlled release of avermectin
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Guangyao Yan, Yuxi Hong, Haiyun Zhu, Changyou Li, Baohua Zhang
Both modified (Figure 8a) and nature (Figure 8b) SA release faster under acidic and alkaline conditions than under neutral conditions, the release rate under the same conditions or the former has the property of slow controlled release, which is still attributed to the improvement of the hydrophobicity of the mSA. As SA is modified by n-octylamine, the microsphere formed by SA is more loose in internal structure and less tolerant to high temperature and strong acid and base, which results in faster release rate under high temperature and strong acid and base conditions.