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Nanotechnology-Mediated Strategy for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Nanotechnology, 2020
Pankaj Prashar, Ankita Sood, Anamika Gautam, Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Bimlesh Kumar, Indu Melkani, Sakshi Panchal, Sachin Kumar Singh, Monica Gulati, Narendra Kumar Pandey, Linu Dash, Anupriya, Varimadugu Bhanukirankumar Reddy
Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDAC) together with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) regulate the acetylation cycle of histone lysine residues (like lysine residue9), that further amplify transcription, expression and also facilitate transcriptional elongation. Histone acetylation is among the epigenetic pathways which are believed to trigger NP, the reasons for which are mainly focused on impaired transcriptional function (Khangura et al. 2017). Histone deacetylase 4 is gradually released as a consequence of spinal nerve ligation in rats. Histone deacetylase 4 inhibition, utilizing LMK 235, stopped allodynia. A rise in histone deacetylase 1 and reduction in histone (H3) acetylation has been shown in the spinal nerve ligation model (Elsherbiny et al. 2019; Zhao and Wu 2018). Treatment with baicalin (anti-inflammatory flavonoid) greatly decreased production of deacetylase 1 and reverse pain response. Nerve disruption can be speculated to contribute to epigenetic modifications attributable to the stimulation of histone-deacetylase enzymes. This can reduce histone acetylation induction, and inhibitors of histone-deacetylase can be used to prevent NP (Z. Li et al. 2019; Van Helleputte 2018).
Compounds of Plant Origin as AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activators
Published in Alexander V. Kutchin, Lyudmila N. Shishkina, Larissa I. Weisfeld, Gennady E. Zaikov, Ilya N. Kurochkin, Alexander N. Goloshchapov, Chemistry and Technology of Plant Substances, 2017
Daria S. Novikova, Gleb S. Ivanov, Alexander V. Garabadzhiu, Viacheslav G. Tribulovich
Baicalin, a flavonoid of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis), and its aglycone baicalein (Fig. 9.15) also show the activity against AMPK. It was shown that the long-term administration of baicalin stimulates the phosphorylation of liver AMPK that enables to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and metabolic disorders [86]. It was found that at least partially the activation of AMPK by baicalin is mediated by the stimulation of the CaMKKp-dependent pathway [87]. The activation of AMPK in vivo was also shown for baicalein; it facilitated to minimize the manifestations of metabolic disorders [88, 89]. Also, new compounds based on baicalein, capable of activating AMPK, were designed and synthesized (Fig. 9.15). The compounds showed a higher AMPK activity compared with baicalein and AICAR when studying their antiproliferative properties [90].
Introduction to Techniques and Instrumentation
Published in Bernard Fried, Joseph Sherma, Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography, 2017
Cserháti Tibor, Forgács Esther
Other inorganic and organic sorbents such as alumina (neutral and acidic), magnesium silicate, diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr), celluloses and cellulose derivatives, and polyamides have found only limited application in TLC, although their separation capacities differ from those of traditional adsorption and reversed-phase layers based on silica. Alumina layers have been used for the separation of nonylphenyl ethylene oxide oligomers using acetonitrile–chloroform mixtures of various compositions as eluents,23 and for the separation of a new type of plant regulator, jasmonates.24 Cellulose layers have been used recently for the separation of some organomercurial antiseptics in 1M NaCl as eluent.25 An excellent separation of alpha–carotene was achieved on magnesium oxide layers. The pigments were extracted with acetone, then transferred into petroleum ether by adding saturated NaCl solution.26 Phenyldimethylsiloxane–treated high performance thinlayer chromatographic plates were used for the separation of flavonoids (baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, and oroxylin–A) in Scutellaria radix. It was found that the separation was better than on C18 plates.27 Zirconia is being used more and more frequently in HPLC; however, until now it has found only limited applications in TLC.28 Water–insoluble β-cyclodextrin polymer beads have been used as TLC sorbent.29 It has been established that this sorbent shows retention characteristics deviating from those of traditional adsorptive and reversed-phase sorbents. The retention of solutes on this sorbent mainly depended on their steric parameters.
Application of enzyme-assisted extraction of baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Xiao-Di Ma, Xin-Guo Zhang, Si-Jia Guo, Guo-Yan Ma, Wen-Jie Liu, Nan Wang, Ming Feng, Yu Su
Flavonoids are found in almost every plant and are also the pharmacologically active constituents in many plant medicines.[3] As an important class of oxygen-containing heterocyclic natural compounds, Flavonoids, accounting for 15–20% of the natural compounds, are one of the main active constituents of S. baicalensis Georgi.[2] Over 40 flavonoid structures have been identified,[1] among which baicalin (5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-1- benzopyran-7-yl-β-D- glucopyranosiduronic acid, shown in Fig. S1) is the main active constituent in S. baicalensis Georgi. Recent research has also shown that baicalin not only reduces total cholesterol level, detoxifies, and has antitumor properties, but it also has chemoprevention effects.[4] Baicalin can also effectively prevent neurodegenerative diseases by many different pharmacological mechanisms, such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-excitotoxicity, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, stimulating neurogenesis, and promoting the expression of neuronal protective factors.[5]