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Artificial Enzymes
Published in Yubing Xie, The Nanobiotechnology Handbook, 2012
James A. Stapleton, Agustina Rodriguez-Granillo, Vikas Nanda
Enzymes are replacing traditional catalysts and playing increasing roles in a wide variety of industrial and medicinal applications, both in vivo (Keasling 2010) and in vitro (Zhang et al. 2011). The ability to create artificial enzymes to perform any desired chemical transformation would revolutionize the chemical and health industries. Through the process of evolution, nature has found remarkably clever and efficient ways of solving complex problems. Biomimicry has been a valuable strategy in engineering, product design, and architecture. In nanotechnology as well, close study of natural examples of functional nanomachines will be instrumental to our understanding and progress. The knowledge gained from the study of natural and artificial proteins will directly apply to the development of biologically inspired nonprotein nanomachines.
Role of Enzymes in the Bioremediation of Refractory Pollutants
Published in Maulin P. Shah, Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2021
Viresh R. Thamke, Ashvini U. Chaudhari, Kisan M. Kodam, Jyoti P. Jadhav
Enzyme immobilization is another aspect through which effective bioremediation can be achieved. The technique involves the immobilization of enzymes in different ways, such as affinity-tag binding, adsorption on glass and alginate beads or on the matrix, and by covalently binding to the support-like silica gel (Sirisha et al. 2016). Immobilization on the solid support can enhance the catalytic efficiency of enzymes and can be recovered easily and reused multiple times. Immobilized LiP can remove up to 55% of the total phenol from paper mill effluents without losing activity during the process (Peralta-Zamora et al. 1998a). The immobilization of laccase increases its stability and resistance to proteases (Dodor et al. 2004). Nanozymes are nanoparticle-based enzyme mimics. They are the next generation of artificial enzymes which possess enzyme-like properties and follow the same kinetics and mechanisms of natural enzymes in physiological conditions (Gao and Yan 2016). There are many nanozymes that mimic naturally occurring enzymes like catalase, oxidase, peroxidase, phosphatase, protease, nuclease, esterase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase. These are used for the detection and degradation of pollutants such as dyes, lignin-containing wastes, and organic compounds. (Liang et al. 2017). The magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 - MNPs) resemble peroxidases and have been useful in the degradation of many organic pollutants like methylene blue, phenol, and rhodamine (Wu et al. 2015). These methods are found to be cost effective and simple for the degradation and mineralization of organic dyes in an industrial process.
Heterogeneous catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by Ag@Cu2O composite for Au3+ detection
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Runmian Ming, Cailing Zhang, Liangbo Xie, Jing Chang, Yi Li
Artificial enzyme can be prepared by physical and chemical methods, which plays a key role in the fields of environment and energy.[19] Cuprous oxide (Cu2O), a p-type artificial enzyme, has much preponderance such as high safety, low cost and high catalytic activity, which make it use as an excellent alternative catalyst for different applications including electro-catalytic CO2 reduction and pollutants degradation. However, single Cu2O has low chemical stability and dispersity. In order to get a better dispersity and performance, noble metals such as Ag, Au, and Pt have been applied to satisfy this demand. The noble metal-Cu2O composite always reflects synergistic interaction and is superior to single metal or metal oxide nanomaterials.[20] In addition, core-shell nanostructure with the geometrically tailorable synergistic properties has been broadly investigated. In this work, inspired by the unique performance of Ag@Cu2O nanoparticles (Ag@Cu2O NPs) and the superiorities of PMS, the heterogeneous catalytic activation of PMS by Ag@Cu2O NPs was investigated. The synergistic effect between CuO and Au was studied in PMS/Ag@Cu2O NPs/Au3+ mixed system and eventually put forward a novel, fast and convenient colorimetric detection method of Au3+ in solution.
Zinc oxide pieces obtained by pressing and slip casting: physical, structural and photocatalytic properties
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
T. M. O. Ruellas, L. O. O. Peçanha, G. H. S. Domingos, C. R. Sciena, J. O. D. Malafatti, E. C. Paris, S. C. Maestrelli, T. R. Giraldi
Several new compounds have been extensively studied in photocatalytic processes. Li et al. [11] studied a different Z-scheme AgI/Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst. This material promoted an inhibition of photo-generated charge carrier recombination, so the range and intensity of the photoabsorption were both significantly increased, and the reduction/oxidation reaction at the interface was greatly promoted, thus, presenting excellent photocatalytic performance. Regarding the photocatalytic process, several highly efficient and eco-friendly materials and technologies have been studied. Yi et al. [12] studied photocatalysis using solar energy and enzymatic catalysis with eco-friendly nature, through the synergistic effect of artificial enzyme and 2D nanostructured Bi2WO6, obtaining excellent photocatalytic performance, which was attributed to the enhancement in photoabsorption and the increased velocity of electron and oxygen transfer.
An organic–inorganic hybrid nanoscale phosphotungstate with reactive oxygen species catalytic ability
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Xiang Ma, Yingjie Zhou, Xinru Yuan, Yujie Miao, Qiang Zhao, Jiai Hua, Pengtao Ma
In bio-chemical reactions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the most important intermediate and medium, which is present in almost all life processes and pathological process.[1,2] Therefore, the researches of ROS catalysts have gradually become the focus of bio-inorganic chemistry.[3‒5] Fe2+/Fe3+, Mn2+/Mn4+, Cu+/Cu2+, etc. are believed in catalyzing the production of ROS.[6‒8] Those ions are used as active centers to build reactive proteins in living organisms, for example superoxide dismutase (SOD), hemoglobin (Hb), and myoglobin (Mb).[6‒8] Recently, several artificial enzyme complexes that can catalyze the production of ROS have been successfully synthesized,[9‒11] in which the catalytic ability of copper complexes is superior.[9,11] In view of good biological activity of the copper complexes, we will focus on the synthesis new structure of them with ROS catalytic activity.