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Reclaimed Wastewater Monitoring — Sampling and Analysis
Published in Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid, Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, 2020
Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid
The argentometric method, employing silver nitrate as the titrant and potassium chromate as the indicator, is often used. The mercuric nitrate method has some advantages, such as the distinct end point provided by the diphenylcarbazone indicator.27 However, it must be kept in mind that extra precautions must be exercised in disposal of solutions containing mercury.
Titrimetric Analysis
Published in Pradyot Patnaik, Handbook of Environmental Analysis, 2017
Argentometric titration involves the titrimetric determination of an analyte using silver nitrate solution as titrant. Its application in environmental analysis is limited to the determination of chloride and cyanide in aqueous samples. The principle of the method is described below.
Exploration on microbial load and nutrient source in coal-bed methane produced water
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Diptangshu Mukherjee, Vetrivel Angu Selvi, Jhuma Ganguly, Reginald Ebhin Masto
Different physicochemical and microbiological parameters were selected for the characterization of produced water in context to the microbial habitat. Accordingly, the pH of water was measured by using a pH meter (Thermo-Scientific, Orion Star-A214). The optical density of water was measured at 610 nm utilizing a UV/vis spectrophotometer (CECIL C-7500 series, UK). Alkalinity, total hardness, total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and chloride of produced water were analyzed as suggested in APHA 1995. For TDS and TSS, the gravimetric analysis method was followed. Alkalinity was measured using the acid–base titrimetry protocol and chloride was calculated by following argentometry way. Further, the COD was estimated by performing a open reflux titrimetry technique. The total organic carbon (TOC) was measured through a rapid dichromate oxidation technique. The total nitrogen content was determined via the alkaline potassium permanganate method followed by digestion utilizing the Kjeldahl instrument (Pelican, Kelplus, Distyl-EM) (Nelson and Sommers 1996). The total aerobic and anaerobic microbial population count in water was carried out by using the nutrient agar and anaerobic basal agar plate (Hi-Media). For anaerobic microorganisms, serial dilution was made by utilizing sterile anoxic water (Mukherjee et al. 2018). Further, the total number of actinomycetes and fungi in water was counted by plating on starch–casein agar and Czapek Dox agar medium, respectively (Dubey and Maheswari 2008). For elemental analysis, the water sample was acidified using 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and 3 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). Then, it was transferred into a steam bath and heated for 30 min. After cooling, the digest was filtered and analyzed with an ICP-OES (Thermo Scientific, iCAP 6000 series spectrometer).