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Alumina-Based One-Dimensional (1D) Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Environmental Remediation
Published in Uma Shanker, Manviri Rani, Liquid and Crystal Nanomaterials for Water Pollutants Remediation, 2022
Abhipsa Mahapatra, Manamohan Tripathy, Garudadhwaj Hota
Ruiz et al. fabricated dense alumina fibers by sol-gel and electrospinning method using aluminium nitrate. In this study, the use of two polymers, i.e. PVP and Pluronic 127 is done. Formation of stable fibers is achieved after sintering at 800°C for γ & δ-Al2O3 and 1,000°C for α-Al2O3 (Roque-Ruiz et al. 2019b).
Determination of Metals in Soils
Published in T. R. Crompton, Determination of Metals and Anions in Soils, Sediments and Sludges, 2020
Sill et al. [8] have described a procedure for the determination of virtually all alpha-emitting nucleides in soil, either singly or in any combination on a single sample. The sample is decomposed completely by a combination of potassium fluoride and pyrosulphate fusions with simultaneous volatilization of hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrafluoride. The cake is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid and all alpha emitters are precipitated with barium sulphate. An option is provided by which uranium can be obtained in a separate fraction to eliminate mutual interference with 237Np. The barium sulphate is dissolved in acidic aluminium nitrate and the elements from thorium through plutonium are extracted into Aliquat-336. Acid-deficient aluminium nitrate is then added to the aqueous phase to reduce the acidity, and americium, curium and californium are extracted into fresh Aliquat-336. Thorium is removed by scrubbing the first organic extract with 10M hydrochloric acid, and protactinium, uranium, neptunium and plutonium are stripped with a mixture of perchloric and oxalic acids. Americium, curium and californium are stripped from the second organic extract with 8 M nitric acid. Each fraction is electrodeposited and analysed by alpha spectrometry with few interferences. Overall recovery excluding electro-deposition ranges from 88% for protactinium to 99% for plutonium. The rationale of this scheme of analyses is shown in Table 2.57.
Comparison of Unimodal Versus Bimodal Pore Catalysts in Residues Hydrotreating
Published in Michael C. Oballa, Stuart S. Shih, Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Petroleum and Distillates, 2020
M. Absi-Halabi, A. Stanislaus, H. Al-Zaid
Boehmite alumina, SB-100, (Condea Chemie GmbH, Germany), carbon powder, CS-A4, (Norit, The Netherlands), and reagent grade ammonium heptamolybdate, aluminium nitrate, and nickel nitrate (Fluka, Switzerland) were used in the development of the catalysts. A sulfonated melamine formaldehyde resin (PLAST-1), developed in our labs(17), was used as plasticizingagent. A kneading machine model D-5277 (Linden, Germany) and a single screw type extruder model 250 (Netzsch, Germany) were used in making the extradâtes. The surface area, pore size distribution, and side crashing strength of the catalysts were measured using Quantasorb adsorption unit (Quantachrome Corp., USA), mercury porosimeter model 9305 (Micromeritics, USA), and crashing strength equipment model PTB 300 (Pharma, France).
Removal of methylene blue from water solution by modified nano-boehmite with Bismuth
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2018
Farhad Salimi, Sayed Shahab Emami, Changiz Karami
Aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3. 9H2O with a purity of 99%), bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3. 5H2O with a purity of 99.99%), potassium hydroxide (KOH with a purity of 99.99%) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH with a purity of 99.99%) were prepared of Scharlau Spanish Company for the synthesis of boehmite. The rest of the materials such as methylene blue were prepared of Merck Company with high-purity. In this research, methylene blue was used which is a kind of aromatic compound and also a color pollutant of water. Moreover, to absorb this color combination modified nano-boehmite with bismuth was used.
A Survey of Extraction Chromatographic f-Element Separations Developed by E. P. Horwitz
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2020
Erin R. Bertelsen, Jessica A. Jackson, Jenifer C. Shafer
One of the studies using TEVA resin demonstrated some unusual and interesting behavior from Th(IV). As can be seen in Figure 4, the acid dependencies of the actinides were quite different when using HNO3 or HCl. The tetravalent actinides were more strongly retained than the tri-, penta-, and hexavalent actinides by the resin when the HNO3 concentration was ≥ 0.5 M. The tetravalent actinides reach a maximum capacity factor between 2 and 4 M HNO3. Using HCl, Th(IV) is poorly extracted while the other tetravalent actinides are retained using ≥2 M HCl. Further examination into the unusual extraction behavior of Th(IV) from HCl is needed as it is not clearly understood why Th(IV) does not extract with the other tetravalent actinides. However, the differences in the retentions from different acidic media can be exploited to separate the actinides. For example, in Figure 5a, U(VI) and the tetravalent actinides, Th, Np, and Pu, were loaded on TEVA resin using 2 M HNO3. At this acidity, U(VI) was immediately eluted from the resin by washing the column with 2 M HNO3. The Th(IV) was then selectively eluted using 3 M HCl while the Np(IV) and Pu(IV) were subsequently stripped using 0.5 M HCl.[12] Nour, Burnett, and Horwitz also showed that Th(IV) could be eluted from a TEVA resin column using 1 M H3PO4, stating that the adsorption of Th(IV) is reduced by four orders of magnitude.[47] Tetravalent actinide adsorption, in general, is decreased as the phosphate concentration is increased.[12] This trend is also observed with oxalates and sulfates. Aluminum nitrate can be used as an anionic scavenger, as the aluminum will complex with phosphates, oxalates, and sulfates.[12]
Sorptive equilibrium profile of fluoride onto aluminum olivine [(FexMg1−x)2SiO4] composite (AOC): Physicochemical insights and isotherm modeling by non-linear least squares regression and a novel neural-network-based method
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Partha S. Ghosal, Ashok K. Gupta
The base material of the composite adsorbent was olivine, collected from Mahadevan Enterprises, Salem, India. Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3⋅9H2O) is used as the precursor aluminum salt solution for the wet impregnation method. Sodium fluoride (NaF) is used for the preparation of synthetic water containing fluoride with desired concentrations. All the chemicals used in this study were of analytical reagent grade and were used without any further purification. De-ionized water was used for the experimental process.