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Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Name 1-Butanethiol 2-Butanethiol 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol Diethyl sulfide Methyl propyl sulfide Isopropyl methyl sulfide Diethyl disulfide Butylamine sec-Butylamine tert-Butylamine Isobutylamine Diethylamine Tetramethylsilane Tetramethylstannane Nickel carbonyl Furfural Pyridine 1-Penten-3-yne cis-3-Penten-1-yne trans-3-Penten-1-yne 2-Methyl-1-buten-3-yne 1,3-Cyclopentadiene 2-Methylfuran 3-Methylfuran 2-Methylthiophene 3-Methylthiophene cis-1,3-Pentadiene trans-1,3-Pentadiene 1,4-Pentadiene 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene 1-Pentyne Cyclopentene Spiropentane Cyclopropyl methyl ketone Cyclopentanone 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran Ethyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate 2,4-Pentanedione N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone 1-Pentene cis-2-Pentene trans-2-Pentene 2-Methyl-1-butene 3-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene Cyclopentane 2,2-Dimethylpropanal Cyclopentanol Pentanal 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 3-Methyl-2-butanone Tetrahydropyran Pentanoic acid 3-Methylbutanoic acid Butyl formate Propyl acetate Isopropyl acetate
Environmental Fate Data for Miscellaneous Compounds
Published in John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton, Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference, 2017
John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton
Note: According to Quadrex Corporation (2000), methyl tert-butyl ether contains the following impurities: methanol, 2-methylbutane, pentane, cis-2-pentene, trans-2-pentene, 2-methyl-2-butene, ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, and cis/trans-2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-3-heptene.
Effect of Molecular Structure on Laminar Flame Speeds of Three C5 Alkenes
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2020
Gasoline is a complex mixture mainly composed of alkanes (linear and branched alkanes), cycloalkanes, alkenes, and aromatics. Composition of gasoline varies greatly from place to place. Table 1 shows the volume ratios of components of three kinds of gasoline in China, Europe and America. It is found that alkanes account for the largest proportion, followed by aromatics. The volume ratio of alkenes of the three gasolines varies greatly, about 4.7% in European (Pera and Knop, 2011) and American (Kukkadapu et al., 2012) typical commercial gasoline, while about 20–30% (Zhang et al., 2003, 2015; Zheng, 2016) in Chinese gasoline. Due to the complexity and diversity of gasoline, many researches about gasoline surrogate fuel were carried out in recent years. The Primary Reference Fuel (PRF), consisting of isooctane and n-heptane was widely used in numerical simulation of gasoline (Curran et al., 1998; Ra and Reitz, 2008; Tanaka et al., 2003; Zheng et al., 2011). In order to better simulate the physical and chemical characteristics of gasoline, the surrogate fuel model has evolved from a two-component model containing only alkanes to a multi-component model containing aromatics and alkenes (Andrae, 2008; Mehl et al., 2011; Morgan et al., 2010) to accommodate the development of advanced combustion technologies. Considering the important role of alkenes in gasoline ignition and combustion characteristics, a chemical kinetic model of alkenes as a representative component is vital for gasoline surrogate model. As can be seen in Table 1, C5 alkenes are the maximal chemical family of all alkenes in gasoline, which account for over 60% of alkenes in typical Chinese gasoline, and account for over 40% in European gasoline. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the study of C5 alkenes in gasoline alkenes. Among the C5 alkenes, 2-methyl-2-butene accounts for about 23% and 29.8% of alkenes in Chinese and European gasoline, respectively. So, it is the most typical alkene component of those two kinds of gasoline. 2-pentene and 1-pentene are also important C5 alkenes, which account for about 21% and 8% in Chinese gasoline, respectively. In addition, the three C5 alkenes mentioned above have different molecular structures. Both 1-pentene and 2-pentene are linear, but have different positions of C = C in their carbon chain; while the positions of C = C of 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-pentene are the same, but a branched chain is in 2-methyl-2-butene. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effects of the molecular structure of these three C5 alkenes on the chemical kinetic and combustion characteristics.