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Electrical Brain Stimulation to Treat Neurological Disorders
Published in Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel
DC brain polarization is not “stimulation” in the same sense as the stimulation of the brain and nerves with conventional electrical techniques at much higher electric fields. It does not appear to cause nerve cell firing on its own and does not produce discrete effects such as the muscle twitches associated with classical stimulation. It is also important to distinguish it from electroconvulsive therapy, which is used to treat mental illnesses such as major depression by passing pulses of approximately 1 Amp and fields of 1000 Volt/m into the brain in order to provoke an epileptic seizure. One of the first clinical applications of tDCS was for treatment of hemiparesis (motor paralysis) following stroke. Currently, tDCS is being studied for the treatment of a number of conditions including stroke, migraine,10 and major depression.
Introduction to Noninvasive Therapies
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
The second NI brain therapy, transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS), involves passing a milliamp-level DC current through the brain using two or more scalp electrodes. The applied DC current and E-field in the brain also can modulate neuronal activity, affecting behavior and sensory experiences.
Transcranial Magnetic and Electric Stimulation
Published in Ben Greenebaum, Frank Barnes, Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields, 2018
Shoogo Ueno, Masaki Sekino, Tsukasa Shigemitsu
Another example of TES is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The tDCS is a rather new technique to stimulate the human brain transcranially by weak DC (direct current) electric currents for the treatment of brain disorders.
Acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cycling and running performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Fernando Shyamali Kaushalya, Salvador Romero-Arenas, Amador García-Ramos, David Colomer-Poveda, Gonzalo Marquez
tDCS is a neuromodulatory technique that transiently modulate the neuron resting membrane potential and consequently increase (anodal) or decrease (cathodal) the excitability of the targeted brain area by applying a very low direct current from electrodes placed on the scalp. It has been suggested that the potential mechanism underlining the ergogenic effect of anodal-tDCS on endurance motor performance could be related to improved cortical excitability within the primary motor cortex which in turn lead to decreases in supraspinal fatigue and rating of perceived exertion. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that applying anodal-tDCS as a supportive tool in athletes’ performance enhancement can increase time to exhaustion performance during cycling and running exercise task. These findings are extremely related to sports performance, as time to exhaustion is one of the most important factors to define the final effort of many sports such as cycling, running, soccer, basketball, among others. Therefore, tDCS can be considered as a supportive training tool that allowing to enhance training effectiveness athletes and coaches.
The electric brain: do-it-yourself healthcare with transcranial direct current stimulation
Published in Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2018
tDCS is a form of neurostimulation that involves the placement of electrodes on the human scalp for the purpose of stimulating specific brain regions (Figure 2). With the electrodes in place over the area of interest, low levels of current (1–2 mA) are sent through the skull for certain durations (≤30 min) and work to alter the membrane potential of neurons either through depolarization or hyperpolarization (Woods et al. 2016). In layman’s terms, the neurons are either activated or suppressed. To achieve these desired results, the tDCS electrodes are either anodal or cathodal. Anodal stimulation works by depolarizing the membrane potential of neurons, which makes neurons more likely to fire. Cathodal stimulation works by hyperpolarizing the membrane potential of neurons, which decreases the likelihood that neurons will fire.
DIY tDCS: a need for an empirical look
Published in Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2018
Recent phenomenal advances in neuroscience have spurred technological progress on direct biological brain interventions. One of these intervention technologies gaining momentum is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). tDCS is especially attractive because it is known to be relatively safe, effective, affordable, and easy to use on individuals (Fitz and Reiner 2013). Most of the reported side effects of tDCS are minor adverse effects (e.g. tingling or itching under the electrodes and headache) (Fregni et al. 2015). Despite some inconsistencies among the results, such as null findings and conflicting outcomes, a number of studies have shown that tDCS can relieve symptoms of various neurological diseases and modulate cognitive functions among healthy subjects (see, for example, Nitsche et al. 2008; Nitsche and Paulus 2011; Lefaucheur et al. 2017). Moreover, with free basic instructions from the web, it costs less than $US50 to get necessary parts to build tDCS, and several commercial devices are also available on the market mostly within a few hundred-dollar range.