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Wastewater Treatment with Green Chemical Ferrate: An Eco-Sustainable Option
Published in Prabhat Kumar Rai, Phytoremediation of Emerging Contaminants in Wetlands, 2018
Ferrate(VI) has been used as an oxidant in conjunction with coagulation for algal removal from lake water (Liu et al., 2009) With the combined use of ferrate(VI) and alum, algal removal increased significantly in comparison with that using alum alone (Jiang, 2014; Ma and Liu, 2002). Bacteriophage MS2, a human enteric virus detected in drinking water, is also demonstrated to be inactivated by ferrate(VI) (Hu et al., 2012; Jiang, 2014). Further, studies demonstrated that the damage of both the capsid protein and genome of MS2 increased with increasing ferrate(VI) access to the interior of the virion and therefore the extent of inactivation. Consequently, it suggests that both capsid protein and genome damage caused by the attack of ferrate(VI) may contribute to phage inactivation (Hu et al., 2012; Jiang, 2014).
Demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 Surface Disinfection Using Ozone
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2021
Savannah J. Volkoff, Trevor J. Carlson, Kelsey Leik, Jacques J. Smith, Duane Graves, Philip Dennis, Taylor Aris, Doug Cuthbertson, Andrew Holmes, Kirk Craig, Bruce Marvin, Eric Nesbit
This is the first successful demonstration of O3 for the disinfection of SARS-CoV-2. Two viral models were evaluated in this work. The first model, Accuplex™, is a recombinant mammalian cell containing enveloped SARS-CoV-2 RNA. This model serves to mimic the structure of SARS-CoV-2. The second model is bacteriophage MS2, which is a non-enveloped virus demonstrated to resist destruction by O3, therefore serving as a conservative model for optimizing O3 concentrations and contact times required for viral disinfection (Alimohammadi and Naderi 2020). Finally, we tested SARS-CoV-2 in effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, which is a matrix currently used to monitor infections in communities (Kitajima et al. 2020; Mcmahan et al. 2020).
Determination of the distribution of infectious viruses in aerosol particles using water-based condensational growth technology and a bacteriophage MS2 model
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2019
Maohua Pan, Leah Carol, John A. Lednicky, Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez, Susanne Hering, Z. Hugh Fan, Chang-Yu Wu
Bacteriophage MS2 has a single-stranded RNA genome, an approximate diameter of 27.5–30 nm, and only infects male Escherichia coli cells (Golmohammadi et al. 1993). Freeze-dried MS2 (Cat. #15597-B1) from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was re-suspended in sterile deionized (DI) water to a titer of 1014–1015 plaque-forming units (PFU) ml−1, and aliquots were stored at −80 °C. Immediately before aerosol generation, aliquots of MS2 were diluted to a titer of 108–109 PFU ml−1 with DI water, beef extract solution (BES), or AS.