China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Biotechnological Modes of Xylooligosaccharides Production from Waste Biomass: An Economic and Ecological Approach
Published in Prakash K. Sarangi, Latika Bhatia, Biotechnology for Waste Biomass Utilization, 2023
Latika Bhatia, Khageshwari Karsh, Suman Sahu, Dilip Kumar Sahu, Sonia Johri
Groundnut cake, rice bran, rice straw, wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse, cotton leaf scraps, fruits and vegetable wastes, etc. are generated in substantial amounts (about 625 million tons per year) and are considered as an accessible agro-waste in India (Rosmine et al., 2019). Among these, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is considered an excellent source of cheap carbon for the commercial production of vital enzymes, xylooligosaccharides, food supplements, and others (Bhatia et al., 2019). Xylooligossacharides production is feasible from SCB, as SCB is a non-wood fiber plant material that contains a huge amount of xylan (28–30%). Xylan acts as a starting material for xylooligosaccharide production. It is the need of the hour to manage this agro-waste efficiently and economically. This will not only curtail their detrimental effect on the environment but will also ensure their effective usage for the commercial creation of value-added goods of industrial importance. Probable enzymes can be produced out of these agro-wastes, as they are an important source of carbon in fermentation. This is a significant cost-effective approach for managing these residues. An enormous amount of cellulose and hemicellulose are found in agricultural residues that can be exploited as active and cheap sources for xylanase production also (Hauli et al., 2013).
Lignocellulosic Biomass Wastes to Bioenergy
Published in Amit Kumar, Chhotu Ram, Nanobiotechnology for Green Environment, 2021
Amit Kumar, Diwakar Aggarwal, Amit Kumar Bharti, Chhotu Ram
The enzymes that breakdown the hemicelluloses are collectively called hemicellulases; they are defined according to the substrate on which they act. Complete hydrolysis of hemicelluloses requires a spectrum of cooperatively acting enzymes. These enzymes are produced by a large number of microbes and mostly extracellular. These enzymes are (Chavez et al., 2006; Collins et al., 2005): Endoxylanases (E.C. 3.2.1.8); randomly cleave the backbone of xylan chain to release xylooligosaccharides of variable length.β-Xylosidases (E.C. 3.2.1.37); release xylose monomers from the non-reducing end of xylooligosaccharide and xylobiose.α-L-Arabinofuranosidases (E.C. 3.2.1.55); hydrolyze L-arabinofuranose side chains.α-D-Glucuronidases (E.C. 3.2.1.139); cleave methyl glucuronate residues.Acetyl xylan esterase (E.C. 3.1.1.72); hydrolyze acetate groups from the main chain.Feruloyl (E.C. 3.1.1.73) and coumaroyl esterase (E.C. 3.2.1.-): cleave the respective aromatic acids linked to the arabinofuranoside residues (Figure 5.3).
Digestibility of Bacillus firmus K-1 pretreated rice straw by different commercial cellulase cocktails
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Thitiporn Teeravivattanakit, Sirilak Baramee, Prattana Ketbot, Rattiya Waeonukul, Patthra Pason, Chakrit Tachaapaikoon, Khanok Ratanakhanokchai, Paripok Phitsuwan
Our developed method using xylanolytic B. firmus K-1 is useful for selective xylan removal in rice straw. The reduction of xylan leads to cracks and porosity formation. The changes in chemical composition and fiber morphology resulted in the improvement of cellulose hydrolysis. This hydrolysis enhancement was because of the increases in cellulose content, reactive cellulose surfaces, and accessibility of cellulose fractions after xylan removal. It is worth mentioning that although selective removal of xylan by our method generates highly digestible biomass, the degree of cellulose hydrolysis is likely dependent on cellulase enzyme formulations (i.e. enzyme components and composition), which varies from manufacturers to manufacturers (Table 3). Thus, for specific biomass conversion and biorefinery processes, pretreatment methods and enzyme formulations should be co-developed. Our pretreatment method offers an environment-friendly sound process. It can be further developed to be an integrated process for producing easily digestible cellulose-rich solid, xylanase enzyme, and prebiotic xylooligosaccharide.