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Catabolite Regulation of the Main Metabolism
Published in Kazuyuki Shimizu, Metabolic Regulation and Metabolic Engineering for Biofuel and Biochemical Production, 2017
Lactobacilli are widely used for yogurt production, probiotic supplement, and ideal vehicle for mucosal-targeted delivery of vaccines and bio-therapeutics (Goh et al. 2014). The glycogen metabolism is important for the survival and probiotic functionalities of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract. This metabolic pathway is encoded by glgBCDAP- amy-pgm genes, where all genes are co-transcribed as a polycistronic mRNA and gig operon (Goh et al., 2014). Glycogen biosynthesis in L. acidophilus and others is highly dependent on the type of available sugar substrates (Goh and Klaenhammer 2013). Among the sugar substrates, raffinose induced the highest expression of glg operon and intracellular glycogen accumulation, followed by the disaccharides such as trehalose and lactose, whereas glucose represses glg expression and glycogen biosynthesis (Goh and Klaenhammer 2013, Barrangou et al. 2006). The glycogen metabolism is under catabolic regulation with a cre site located upstream of the glg operon in L. acidophilus, whereas glycogen accumulation and gene expression were induced by glucose in C. glutamicum, S. mutans, and Salmonella enteritidis, etc. (Barrangou et al. 2006). In L. acidophilus, glucose may be a signal for nutrient abundance and gives the priority of carbon flow towards glycolysis as well as other biosynthesis pathways (Goh and Klaenhammer 2013). On raffinose or trehalose, the glycogen was synthesized and accumulated during the early growth phase (Goh and Kaenhammer 2014).
Microbial Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Microorganisms are used to produce insulin, growth hormone, and antibodies. Diagnostic assays that use monoclonal antibodies, DNA probe technology, or real-time PCR are used as rapid tests for pathogenic organisms in the clinical laboratory. Microorganisms may also help in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Research shows that clostridia can selectively target cancer cells. Various strains of nonpathogenic clostridia have been shown to infiltrate and replicate within solid tumors. Clostridia therefore have the potential to deliver therapeutic proteins to tumors. Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria possess numerous potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
Microbial biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
Microorganisms are used to produce insulin, growth hormone, and antibodies. Diagnostic assays that use monoclonal antibody, DNA probe technology, or real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are used as rapid tests for pathogenic organisms in the clinical laboratory. Microorganisms may also help in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Research shows that clostridia can selectively target cancer cells. Various strains of nonpathogenic clostridia have been shown to infiltrate and replicate within solid tumors. Clostridia therefore have the potential to deliver therapeutic proteins to tumors. Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria possess numerous potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
Bacteriocin production and inhibition of Bacillus subtilis by Lactobacillus paracasei HD1.7 in an indirect coculture system
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Yanxin Ren, Yan Zhang, Xinglin Li, Dongni Gao, Yanyang Sun, Wenxiang Ping, Jingping Ge
Bacteriocin is a type of bioactive peptide or protein secreted by bacteria in the process of growth.[1] They can inhibit microorganisms specifically related to their own growth and metabolism,[2,3] and the strains that produce bacteriocin are not affected by them. Due to the increasing number of strains resistant to antibiotics, finding the best substitute for antibiotics has become a global problem. Among many antibacterial compounds, Lactobacillus bacteriocin has been widely considered due to its safety and nontoxicity. Lactobacillus paracasei HD1.7 (CCTCCM 205015) can produce bacteriocin Paracin 1.7,[4] which can widely inhibit the activities of G+ and G−[5] and serves as a potential preservative in the production of fruits, vegetables, sausages and fermented products.[6]
A review of drying methods for improving the quality of probiotic powders and characterization
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
The demand for probiotics (e.g. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species) has been increasing due to their numerous health benefits including inactivation of the growth of pathogenic bacteria, relieving diarrhea, alleviating intestinal inflammation, reducing blood cholesterol, improving the immune system, reducing lactose intolerance symptoms, improving the gut microbial balance, and providing anti-colon-cancer activity.[1–3] It is expected that the global probiotics market will reach nearly USD 66 billion by 2024.[4] According to FAO and WHO, probiotics are considered as live microorganisms that, confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts.[5] Probiotic microorganisms must be in a viable form in sufficient numbers (at least 106–107 CFU g−1 or mL−1 until the expiry date of products) and withstand harsh conditions during processing steps (e.g. heat treatment, acidification, mixing, and long-term storage) and during their journey through the stomach and intestines in order to reach the site of action to exert health benefits on the host organism.[6,7] Deriving these benefits requires developing probiotic products using convenient ingredients and cost-effective production methods to achieve desired viability during the specified shelf life.
Catalase-mimetic gold nanoparticles inhibit the antagonistic action of Lactobacillus gasseri toward foodborne enteric pathogens in associative cultures
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2019
Suqin Zhu, Mingyong Zeng, Wei Guo, Guangxin Feng, Haohao Wu
Gut commensal microbiota plays a protective role in the host defense against colonization and invasion by foodborne pathogens. Lactobacilli are considered beneficial bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract, and have been shown to exert antagonistic action against foodborne pathogens including L. monocytogenes, E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), and Helicobacter pylori in animal infection models.4 Lactobacilli possess several anti-infective mechanisms such as enhancing epithelial barrier function,5 competitive inhibition of pathogen adhesion to intestinal mucus,6 and direct bacteriostatic action by producing lactic acid, bacteriocins, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).4 Lactobacilli and other lactic acid bacteria are rare organisms not relying on heme as redox cofactors, and are characteristic for their ability to produce large amounts of H2O2 that can retard common foodborne pathogens.7 The lactobacilli-generated H2O2 constitutes an integral part of colonization resistance,8 and recently, has been proved to promote epithelial restitution during colitis in mice.9