China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Magnetic Separation in Integrated Micro-Analytical Systems
Published in Nguyễn T. K. Thanh, Clinical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles, 2018
Yu et al.17 fabricated 9-μm-thick nickel patterns through electroplating. They were magnetized with two permanent magnets placed in parallel with opposite NS poles to create a uniform magnetic field. The pattern has sharp edges to control local magnetic field distribution. Different sizes of microbeads, including 500-nm-diameter beads (02150 AdemTech, Pessac) and 1.05-μm-diameter beads (MyOne carboxylic acid magnetic beads, Dynal), were tested. Lung cancer cells (A549) were labelled with wheat germ agglutinin functionalized magnetic beads and captured by micromagnets. Deng et al.39 used electroplated nickel posts (7 μm in height and 15 μm in diameter, and 40 μm spacing) in a microfluidic channel. A film of UV-curable polyurethane transferred onto a substrate using a PDMS mould was used as a mask of electroplating. Tested in the microchannel were 4.5-μm-diameter magnetic beads (M-450 Dynal). Liu et al.40 deposited a 6-μm-thick permalloy wave form pattern on the substrate through electroplating and encapsulated it with polystyrene. Live Jurkat cells, which were 10 μm in average diameter, labelled with StemCell Technologies EasySep Human CD3 positive selection cocktail, were captured in the microchannel. Permanent magnets were used to magnetize the pattern.
Methods for Analyzing Floc Properties
Published in Ian G. Droppo, Gary G. Leppard, Steven N. Liss, Timothy G. Milligan, FLOCCULATION in NATURAL and ENGINEERED ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS, 2004
Ian G. Droppo, Gary G. Leppard, Steven N. Liss, Timothy G. Milligan
The in situ analyses of hydrated biofilms may be carried out using a variety of probes targeted generally at polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. In addition, other probes such as dextrans, ficols, and polystyrene beads may be used to assess general properties such as charge, hydrophobicity, permeability, or the determination of diffusion coefficients. Probes are most frequently conjugated to fluors although colloidal reflective conjugates (gold, silver) may be used. 27 Recently, quantum dots (QDs) have shown great promise as multiwavelength fluorescent labels. Colloidal QDs are semiconductor nanocrystals whose photoluminescence emission wavelength is proportional to the size of the crystal. Kloepfer et al. 34 reported that cell surface molecules, such as glycoproteins, made excellent targets for QDs conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin. This new class of fluorescent labels may open opportunities for in situ detection of matrix chemistry. As indicated above, the option exists for probe independent examination of major biopolymers and other constituents in hydrated biofilm and floc material providing a basis for detailed examination of these structures and ground truthing of the fluorescent and reflection based probe dependent approaches.
Synthetic Polymer-Drug Conjugates for Human Therapy
Published in Vladimir Torchilin, Mansoor M Amiji, Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine, 2011
Except for antibodies, also HPMA copolymers bearing Dox targeted with plant lectines wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) were synthesized using two-step aminolysis. The conjugates were used for targeting Dox on selected cancer cell lines (human colorectal SW 620).185 The conjugates targeted with WGA showed a significant cytotoxicity in vitro comparable with that of an antibody-targeted polymer analogue thus evidencing the potential of lectines for targeting polymer drug carriers. High affinity of HPMA conjugates targeted with the lectines WGA and PNA to goblet cells or other cells of the gastrointestinal tract was also reported.266,267
Aptamerized silica/gold nanocapsules for stimulated release of doxorubicin through remote two-photon excitation
Published in International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 2022
Lih Shin Tew, Tsung-Hsi Lee, Leu-Wei Lo, Yit Lung Khung, Nai-Tzu Chen
In this work, non-cancerous breast epithelial cell MCF-10A and breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 were used to evaluate the aptamer specificity. MCF-10A cells were cultured in mammary epithelial cell basal medium (MEBM), while MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (RPMI-1640) medium. Both media were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. 2 × 104 cells were seeded to glass-bottom cell culture dish 24 hours prior examination and labeled with Cy5-tagged AS1411 aptamer at concentrations of 0, 17, 34, and 68 pmoles. After washing and fixation, cells were counterstained with Hoechst 33,342 for nucleus and Wheat Germ Agglutinin, Alexa Fluor 488 Conjugate (WGA488) for cell membrane. Cellular images were then captured with fluorescence microscopy (Olympus BX51).
Antibody separation using lectin modified poly(HEMA-EDMA) hydrogel membranes
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Esra Feyzioğlu Demir, Cansu Ilke Kuru, Murat Uygun, Deniz Aktaş Uygun, Sinan Akgöl
One most widely used affinity chromatography techniques for biomolecules separations is lectin affinity chromatography. In this chromatographic method, various lectin molecules are used as a ligand molecule [24]. Lectin proteins have high affinity and selectivity towards to carbohydrates and carbohydrate bearing molecules [25]. In addition, despite its high specificity toward carbohydrate bearing biomolecules, bonded molecules can be easily eluted by washing with a solution containing a competitive carbohydrate (e.g. D-glucose or α-D-mannose). The main specific carbohydrate units recognized by lectins are N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, mannose, and fructose molecules [26]. Most commonly used lectins for antibody purification studies are concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin, mannan-binding protein and jacalin [27]. Con A is a lectin originally extracted from the jack-bean, Canavalia ensiformis and have been intensively preferred as a lectin molecule for affinity chromatography studies due to their affinities towards glycoconjugates containing α-D-mannopyranosyl, α-D-glucopyranosyl and sterically related residues. Because of these unique properties, Con A is the preferred choice for the separation and adsorption of glycoenzymes and carbohydrate bearing biomolecules [24].