China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Production of Organic Acids from Agro-Industrial Waste and Their Industrial Utilization
Published in Anil Kumar Anal, Parmjit S. Panesar, Valorization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts, 2023
Navneet Kaur, Parmjit S. Panesar, Shilpi Ahluwalia
Similarly, succinic acid is used as a starting material for the manufacture of various industrially crucial chemicals such as γ-butyrolactone (GBL), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-pyrrolidone (2-P), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), which under appropriate conditions can generate polybutylene succinate (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate), when combined with succinic acid. Both PBS and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate) are biodegradable plastics with several applications in various sectors (Nghiem et al., 2017).
Petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation
Published in J. van Eyk, Petroleum Bioventing, 1997
In the following steps, Ds-methylmalonyl-CoA may eventually be converted into succinate which is an intermediate of the Krebs-cycle (Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle). For more details, the reader is referred to textbooks in biochemistry.
Metabolic Engineering for the Production of a Variety of Biofuels and Biochemicals
Published in Kazuyuki Shimizu, Metabolic Regulation and Metabolic Engineering for Biofuel and Biochemical Production, 2017
Succinate has a variety of applications such as a surfactant, detergent extender, foaming agent, ion chelator and food additive, and can be used as a precursor for a variety of chemicals such as tetrahydrofuran and 1, 4 butandiol (Zeikus et al. 1999, Carole et al. 2004).
Proteomics investigation of molecular mechanisms affected by EnBase culture system in anti-VEGF fab fragment producing E. coli BL21 (DE3)
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Bahareh Azarian, Amin Azimi, Mahboubeh Sepehri, Vahideh Samimi Fam, Faegheh Rezaie, Yeganeh Talebkhan, Vahid Khalaj, Fatemeh Davami
Metabolism of isocitrate for continuing the TCA cycle or entering glyoxylate cycle is determined by regulation of two enzymes: isocitrate lyase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Isocitrate lyase leads isocitrate to glyoxylate cycle and cleaves it to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate is finally converted to oxaloacetate to start a new glyoxylate cycle. The succinate may be converted into oxaloacetate through malate and be used for biosynthetic purposes. Several studies have reported up-regulation of isocitrate lyase and other glyoxylate cycle enzymes in cells cultivated in glucose-limited condition.[29–31] Fischer reports the PEP-glyoxylate cycle in E. coli and its higher rate of activity in glucose-limited cells.[29] The three enzymes of this cycle are isocitrate lyase and malate synthase from glyoxylate cycle and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck). This cycle results in higher production of oxaloacetate, and the activity of Pck converts oxaloacetate to PEP which can be further metabolized for gluconeogenesis or as a precursor of amino acid biosynthesis. Isocitrate lyase and Pck, two enzymes of PEP-glyoxylate cycle, are up-regulated in EnBase-mode-cultured cells in the 6 hr phase, which is consistent with their higher biosynthetic activity and protein expression of cells in this phase. By continuing the culture for 24 hr, only the Pck was found to be up-regulated. EnBase-mode-cultured cells have elevated catabolic activity for degradation of aggregated plasmid-encoded protein in low growth-rate phase.[9] This catabolic activity leads to elevated gluconeogenesis of PEP as a product of the Pck.