China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
U is an abbreviation for uracil. Uracil (j..r.s.l) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine. Uracil could be considered a demethylated form of thymine. Uracil is a common and naturally occurring pyrimidine derivative. It is a planar, unsaturated compound that has the ability to absorb light.
Biomolecules
Published in Volodymyr Ivanov, Environmental Microbiology for Engineers, 2020
The sugar in nucleotides is ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA. Four bases of DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Same bases, for exemption of thymine, are used in RNA. Uracil (U) is the fourth base in the nucleic acid of RNA. Adenine and guanine are derivatives of purine, but cytosine, thymine, and uracil are derivatives of pyrimidine.
Comprehensive radiological parameterizations of proton and alpha particle interactions for some selected biomolecules: theoretical computation
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
Abayomi M. Olaosun, Denen E. Shian
Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates make up the three main structural components of biological membranes. The primary elements of lipids, the most significant energy storage molecules in mammalian cells, are fatty acids. They are required to create and repair cell membranes, assisting cells in obtaining the best nutrients and eliminating toxic waste. In addition, as vital fuels for the mechanical and electrical functions of the heart, they play a significant role in the life and death of cardiac cells. Nucleotide bases are very important in cellular metabolism because they serve as the currency of energy during metabolic transactions. There are five nucleotide bases, adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), uracil (U), and thymine (T). A, G, C, and T are contained in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) while A, G, C, and U are contained in the ribonucleic acid (RNA). The most abundant biomolecules present in living organisms are carbohydrates. Essentially, carbohydrates serve as a short-term source of energy while apparently, they serve as intermediate-term energy storage (1–4).
An insight on the different synthetic routes for the facile synthesis of O/S-donor carbamide/thiocarbamide analogs and their miscellaneous pharmacodynamic applications
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2023
Faiza Asghar, Bushra Shakoor, Babar Murtaza, Ian S. Butler
Carbamides are very substantial functional groups present in pharmaceutical candidates, agrochemicals, and material sciences. Carbamides having the general formula R1R2NCONR1R2, also known as ureas, are a type of carbonyl compounds that are widely used in organic synthesis and medicinal research. Numerous biologically important compounds including ureido moiety, riboflavin (Vitamin B2), flavin adenine mononucleotide (FAM), uric acid, biotin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and nucleobases such as cytosine, uracil, and thymine [1,2] are being studied present in biological systems act as organic inhibitors. But the introduction of urea moiety in medicinal chemistry is accredited to the metabolic stability of the N–C(O)–N linkage and to the large number of probable variations.
Solvatochromic behavior of a pyrene-pyrimidine-based Schiff base and detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous media
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Swadesh Ghosh, Dipti Singharoy, Saugata Konar, Jnan Prakash Naskar, Subhash Chandra Bhattacharya
Pyrimidine containing Schiff bases are promising with broad spectrum of biological activity and for the detection of toxic heavy metal ions [15]. To develop the Schiff base as a sensor, pyrene derivatives are widely used due to their excellent photoluminescence and chemical stabilities. Among heterocycles, pyrimidines represent a particularly important class of compounds due to their diverse applications for pharmaceutical properties. Schiff bases have biological activity, such as antitumor [16, 17], anticancer [18], antifungal, and antimicrobial activities [19–21]. Biological activity is related to hydrogen bonding through the imino group of Schiff bases with the active centers of the cell constituents [22]. Based on these factors we focus on Schiff bases, which are prepared using simple steps and can be applied to many cation and anion sensors. Pyrimidine is the structural unit of DNA and RNA playing a vital role with the most abundant pyrimidines uracil, cytosine and thymine. Pyrene has also a remarkable range of biological activity as anti-bacterial agents, [23] anti-tumor [24] and anti-fungal [25] compounds.