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Upper extremity injuries
Published in Youlian Hong, Roger Bartlett, Routledge Handbook of Biomechanics and Human Movement Science, 2008
Ronald F. Zernicke, William C. Whiting, Sarah L. Manske
Elbow dislocation: Due to the elbow’s relative stability, elbow dislocations are three times less common than shoulder dislocations (Praemer et al., 1999). The elbow is inherently stable due to its bony structure, primarily because of the close interaction between the trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus, as well as the olecranon process of the ulna and the olecranon fossa of the humerus (Ring, 2006). On the radius, the coronoid process and radial head contact the coronoid and radial fossae of the humerus. The ulnar collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament complexes, with the anterior capsule, account for the majority of the elbow’s stability. Nevertheless, elbow dislocations do occur, and when they do happen, considerable soft tissue damage occurs, frequently with rupture of the ulnar and lateral collateral ligaments.
Joint-Articulating Surface Motion
Published in Joseph D. Bronzino, Donald R. Peterson, Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals, 2019
Kenton R. Kaufman and Kai-Nan An
Using magnetic resonance images and 3D registration, the in vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the elbow joint during elbow exion was carried out by Goto et al. (2004). e inferred contact areas based on the proximity on the ulna against the trochlea tended to occur only on the medial facet of the trochlear notch in all of the elbow positions, and those on the radial head against the capitellum occurred on the central depression of the radial head (Goto et al., 2004).
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The elbow is a synovial hinge joint formed between the lower end of the humerus and the upper ends of the radius and ulna, specifically, the capitellum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius and the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna. The joint space is continuous with that of the proximal radio-ulnar joint (RUJ) and is collectively known as the cubital articulation (Figs 3.12a,b).
Modelling and simulation of sprinters’ health promotion strategy based on sports biomechanics
Published in Connection Science, 2021
Wang Huifeng, Achyut Shankar, G.N. Vivekananda
When the knee flexion angle is between 80° and 100, patellofemoral contact occurs, which is important for protecting the knee cartilage and avoiding excessive pressure. The front part of the distal end of the femur is called a trochlear. The centre has a front and rear direction of the notch to divide it into two parts. The trochlear notch is a large depression in the upper limit of the ulna that fits the trochlea of humerus i.e the bone directly above the ulna in the arm, as part of the elbow joint. It is formed by the coronoid and the olecranon process. The trochlear notch extends back to the intercondylar notch and extends forward to stop on the upper crypt of the trochlear. For the hip joint, the abduction angle and anteversion angle are two important physiological and anatomical parameters that play a very important role in the biomechanical behaviour of the hip joint. Long-term evolution makes these two parameters very Good adaptation to the biomechanical properties of the hip joint with sagittal motion. The force measured by the multi-dimensional force measuring platform is the combined force of the human foot to the ground, reflecting the overall effect of the human body on the ground. To fully grasp the pressure distribution of the sole to the ground, the pressure density of the sole must be measured. The human body rotates with the front foot as the supporting point, and the momentum of the supporting leg shifts to the upper body, so the speed of the centre of gravity rises. After the vertical stage, the speed decreases due to the rapid reduction of knee angle, and then increases gradually when the knee reaches the minimum angle and turns back. This allows the knee joint to rotate on the horizontal plane. Moreover, the extension and flexion of the knee joint is not coaxial motion, but with multiple instantaneous motion centres. In the rapid exercise, from the start of the landing of the supporting leg to the flexion angle of the knee joint around 135 degrees, the athletes have a large patella load, and are also the main stage of patella injury and potential injury.