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Trigeminal cardiac reflex in post-operative spheno-orbital meningioma
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
The proposed mechanism for the development of TCR is that the sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal nerve send neuronal signals via the Gasserian ganglion to the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, forming the afferent pathway of the reflex arc (Schaller et al., 1999; Schaller, 2004). This afferent pathway continues along the short internuncial nerve fibres in the reticular formation to connect with the efferent pathway in the motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Several lines of experimental evidence demonstrate that trigeminally induced cardiovascular reflexes could be mediated initially in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and subsequently in the parabrachial nucleus, the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata, the dorsal medullary reticular field, and the paratrigeminal nucleus in animal models (Schaller et al., 2009).
Blink reflex parameters in baseline, active, and head-impact Division I athletes
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
D.P. Garner, J.S. Goodwin, N.T. Tsai, R.T. Kothera, M.E. Semler, B.J. Wolf
Concussive events result in symptomatic deficits in attention, executive function, learning and memory. As such, tools have been developed to assess cognitive changes indicative of brain injury. However, concussive trauma is not restricted to the regions of the brain responsible for cognitive function and does not address physiological changes that may occur with a concussive event. Such trauma has been cited to result in deep white matter hyperintensities (areas in the white matter that indicate due to axonal loss) that have been detected via MRI 24–72 h post concussive event (Hughes et al., 2004). Boele and colleagues (2010) cited that lesions in the rabbit cerebellar cortex were related to abnormal blink responses, with shortened latency and amplitude of the conditioned eye blink response. For humans, Fitzek and colleagues also cited specific pathways which were affected by lesions, noting abnormalities in the R2 loop of the blink reflex with that loop passing through the descending trigeminal spinal track and onward to the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Fitzek et al., 1999). Thus, understanding the effect of such lesions and areas where these lesions occur will be important in understanding effect on blink reflex.