Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Electrocardiogram
Published in Kayvan Najarian, Robert Splinter, Biomedical Signal and Image Processing, 2016
Kayvan Najarian, Robert Splinter
As can be seen in Figure 9.1, the heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria work in unison and so do the ventricles. The atrium is separated from the venous system by a valve so that flow is only possible in one direction. The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava lead into the right atrium in combination with the coronary sinus, while the pulmonary veins supply the left atrium. When the atrium contracts, it pumps the retained blood into the ventricle that is separated by a valve as well. The valve only allows flow from the atrium to the ventricle and not in the opposite direction. This valve is called the atrioventricular valve. The atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is also called the tricuspid valve because of the three-leaf structure. The left atrium and left ventricle have the bicuspid valve, or mitral valve, that separates the two chambers.
Design and evaluation of the crimping of a hooked self-expandable caval valve stent for the treatment of tricuspid regurgitation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Gideon Praveen Kumar, Hwa Liang Leo, Fangsen Cui
The tricuspid valve consists of three leaflets that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle and maintains unidirectional blood flow. In addition to these, the leaflets, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, fibrous annulus, the right atrial and ventricular myocardium make up the entire valvular complex (Séguéla et al. 2011). A disturbance of any of these structures may lead to tricuspid regurgitation (TR). With an increased volume of TR, cardiac output (CO) decreases and patients tend to develop symptoms of right heart failure with possible congestive hepatosplenomegaly, peripheral oedema and associated ascites (Filsoufi et al. 2005). Surgical correction with tricuspid valve repair or replacement which is the only corrective therapy available currently, carries an operative mortality of up to 22% in these patients, and is therefore not routinely offered (Lauten et al. 2010; Zhu et al. 2016). TR is more prevalent among the elderly which is also a concern as the patients are deemed high-risk for open heart valve replacement (Nkomo et al. 2006; Campelo-Parada et al. 2017). Thus, transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement offers a better prognosis for patients affected by TR (Muller et al. 2017). In this minimally invasive procedure, the transcatheter heart valve is crimped and inserted into the femoral vein via a small incision. The crimped valve is then moved to the heart using a delivery system. At the deployment site, which is the diseased tricuspid valve, the crimped valve re-expands to its pre-set diameter and become fully functional (Ismail et al. 2017).
Optimization of tricuspid membrane mechanism for effectiveness and leaflet longevity through hemodynamic analysis
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2022
Young Woo Kim, Hyeong Jun Lee, Su-Jin Jung, June-Hong Kim, Joon Sang Lee
Three-leaflet valves, which prevent blood reflux from the right ventricle (RV) to the right atrium, are termed as tricuspid valves (TVs) (Silver et al., 1971; Wafae et al., 1990). Tricuspid regurgitation (TR), also known as the leakage of blood reflux owing to the incomplete closure of the tricuspid valve, is a common TV disease. Studies indicate that TR can have an incidence rate of up to 85%, particularly in aging societies (Rogers & Bolling, 2009; Yoshida et al., 1988; Lavie et al., 1993). However, compared to other valve diseases such as those of the aortic or pulmonary valves, studies on TR are lacking (Lancellotti et al., 2016).