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Recent Advancement in Phytoremediation for Removal of Toxic Compounds
Published in Amit Kumar, Chhotu Ram, Nanobiotechnology for Green Environment, 2021
Yilkal Bezie, Mengistie Taye, Amit Kumar
The phytoremediation process is dependent on edaphic factors and soil chemistry; whereas, the soil pH, conductivity, porosity, nutrient levels, and presence of soil microbes are instrumental in deciding the uptake mechanisms of the plants. Climate is also a factor to determine the remediation either positively or negatively. Stressed climate reduces the biomass of the plant and prolongs the remediation time. Another factor that might hamper the phytoremediation potential is the age of the plant. Younger plants could remediate better than older plants. Older plants might hold more toxic pollutants. Agronomic practice and soil amendment may negatively influence the mobility of contaminates (Mahar et al., 2016). Transgenic plants may be an environmental concern as well as human or animal health concerns if the horizontal gene pollution happened. In the case of transgenic plants, the possible risk and the proper management techniques during transformation should be considered.
The genetically modified food credibility gap
Published in Charlotte Fabiansson, Stefan Fabiansson, Food and the Risk Society, 2016
Charlotte Fabiansson, Stefan Fabiansson
A major use of GM crops is in insect control. Regulatory agencies assess the potential for transgenic plants to affect non-target organisms before approving their commercial release. Still, there are concerns that these toxins could target predatory and other beneficial or harmless insects as well as the targeted pest. Another problem with such crops is resistance that evolves naturally after an insect population has been subjected to intense selection pressure in the form of repeated use of a single insecticide. The pink bollworm has been found to be resistant to the first generation Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton in parts of Gujarat, India. Bollworm resistance to first generation Bt cotton has also been identified in Australia, China, Spain and the United States. A primary pest targeted by Bt maize in the United States is the western corn rootworm and it has now been found to have developed resistance against the Bt toxin. Armyworms resistant to Bt maize were first discovered in Puerto Rico. The European corn borer, one of the primary insects Bt is meant to target, has also been shown to be capable of developing resistance to the Bt protein (Gassmann et al. 2011; Wan et al. 2012; Tabashnik et al. 2013).
Agrobacterium and Plant Genetic Engineering
Published in Yoshikatsu Murooka, Tadayuki Imanaka, Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and Agricultural Applications, 2020
Masami Sekine, Atsuhiko Shinmyo
Production of transgenic plants by transferring foreign genes into plant cells has become a powerful tool to carry out gene expression studies and to create genetically engineered plant varieties, such as resistance to virus infection and improving photosynthetic efficiency. Although several plant transformation systems have been developed, Agrobacterium-mtàmttà transformation has been the most successful [82,83].
Field trials of phytomining and phytoremediation: A critical review of influencing factors and effects of additives
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Liuwei Wang, Deyi Hou, Zhengtao Shen, Jin Zhu, Xiyue Jia, Yong Sik Ok, Filip M. G. Tack, Jörg Rinklebe
Apart from the concern of pollutant in phytoremediation plants, transgenic plants pose another potential risk. Transgene flow from transgenic plants cultivated in contaminated land to wild relatives may lead to genetic extinction of wild plants. For instance, the transfer of conditional lethality in transgenic plants would influence the growth of wild plants (Al-Ahmad, Galili, & Gressel, 2004). Moreover, antibiotic resistance markers in transgenic plants could also transfer to the bacteria and pathogens through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) (Davison, 2005). However, few research examined the risks associated with HGT in field trials and further investigations in this field are needed.
Hexavalent chromium bioremediation with insight into molecular aspect: an overview
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2021
Sreejita Ghosh, Amrita Jasu, Rina Rani Ray
Plants that are genetically engineered or tailor-made are called as transgenic plants and these plants are comparatively more well adapted to the phytoremediation procedures like selective uptake of Cr (VI), hyper-accumulations and sequestration of Cr (VI) compounds. These genetically developed plants are nowadays used for preventing accumulation of heavy metals within the plants cells so that these metals do not find their way into the human food chain and harm the ecosystem. Also, the action of hyper-accumulation of Cr (VI) compounds carried out by these plants is also an emerging technology to reduce water and land ecosystem contamination.