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Nanophytomedicine-Based Therapies for Topical Applications
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Lucindo José Quintans Júnior, Nagamony Ponpandian, Nanophytomedicine, 2023
Sankar Veintramuthu, Nithyananth Muniswamy
Transfersomes are soft and deformable vesicular systems containing phospholipids, stabilizers, edge activators, ethanol and a high concentration of hydrophilic modulators like organic ions. Like ethosomes, transfersomes have better penetration and deliver drugs deeper into skin layers without losing drug integrity (see Figure 5.4).
Nanophytopharmaceuticals
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Alka Mukne, Swapna Nair, Misbah Momin
Transfersome® is a proprietary drug-delivery technology which is a trademark of IDEA AG, Germany. Transfersomes® are ultradeformable or elastic vesicles (EVs) that were developed for enhanced permeation and effective delivery of drugs through the intact skin. Transfersomes® mainly consist of glycerophospholipids and an edge activator (nonionic surfactant) and are more flexible and adaptable as compared with liposomes due to their self-optimized membrane properties and high surface hydrophilicity, which permit the transfersomes to squeeze through pores much smaller than their own diameter. Interaction between hydrophilic lipid residues and proximal water makes the polar lipids attract water and induce hydration, and hence, the lipid vesicles move to the site of higher water concentration. Penetration of transfersomes across skin occurs due to an osmotic gradient that forms due to a difference in water content across the stratum corneum and epidermis. The edge activators in transfersomes act as penetration enhancers that disrupt the stratum corneum and widen the pores, thus allowing easy penetration of transfersomes. Transfersomes® are also capable of squeezing themselves through the intact skin layer due to membrane flexibility and, hence, cause a gradual release of drugs.
The Journey of Nanotechnology in Product Development
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Smart Nanotechnology with Applications, 2020
Divya Thakur, Sheetu Wadhwa, Sachin Kumar Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Rohit Vij
Few other nanotechnology-based pharmaceutical and cosmetics products which reached the market are discussed in Tables 2 and 3. Briefly, liposomes are also called “magic bullets”, prepared from both natural and synthetic materials, able to entrap both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs within the lipid bilayer and aqueous core, respectively, biocompatible, and non-toxic too. But there are few limitations, too, such as instability when stored for longer periods, uptake by reticuloendothelial system (RES) system which leads to low-circulation half-life, selection of apt sterilization method, drug leakage on storage, and other regulatory issues [7]). Another delivery system is niosomes and these are similar in structure to liposomes. Niosomes are composed of non-ionic surfactants. The surfactant molecules tend to orient themselves in such a way that the hydrophilic ends of the non-ionic surfactant point outward, while the hydrophobic ends face each other to form the bilayer [8]. Transfersomes have an inner aqueous core which is surrounded by flexible lipid bilayers made up of edge activators or flexible surfactants [9]. Ethosomal systems are small nano-range vesicles composed of high quantity of alcohol along with water and phospholipid component [10,11]. Another system transethosomes are a combination of both ethosomes and transfersomes having properties and potential of both systems. Phytosomes are plant-based lipid complexes, used widely for the incorporation of phytoconstituents. Bilosomes are composed of bile-salts for the oral delivery of vaccines. Aquasomes are nano-size spherical vesicles enabling the drug and antigen delivery. Emulsomes are nano-size lipid-based particles consisting of lipid assembly and a polar group [12]. Some vesicular systems such as Discomes, Pharmacosomes, Sphingosomes [13], Enzymosomes, Cubosomes [14], Colloidosomes, Micelles, Cryptosomes, Genosomes, Photosome, Erythrosomes, Vesosomes are also explored asnanocarriers [6,15]).
Recent advances in nanotechnology based combination drug therapy for skin cancer
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Shweta Kumari, Prabhat Kumar Choudhary, Rahul Shukla, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
Transfersomes are an artificial vesicular carrier which is designed to show the features of a cell vesicle or cells engaged in exocytosis. These transferosomes are suitable for controlled and potentially targeted delivery of drugs [55]. These are special types of liposomes, composed of phosphatidylcholine and an edge activator. Transferosomes are biodegradable, biocompatible, have better penetration and better solubilities in both hydrophilic and lipophilic structures. These have advantage of having phospholipids vesicles as transdermal drug delivery system also. Transfersomes can distribute higher quantities of both larger and smaller therapeutic agents through and into the skin. The transfersomes usage in cancer patients may be utilized in the treatment of actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and kaposi’s sarcoma. The transfersomes may be a good carrier for the delivery and distribution of the drugs into the skin layers and so, are useful in the skin carcinoma treatment [56].