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Nanoencapsulation of Iron for Nutraceuticals
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Naveen Shivanna, Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Teenu Sharma, Farhath Khanum
Trauma is one of the most important pathologic causes for blood loss, besides several GI-related pathological disorders, such as GI carcinomas, ulcers, inflammatory diseases, and hemorrhoids. Aspirin intake further aggravates such loss of blood by GI tract. Indeed, demand for iron will increase in case of hemorrhages due to the loss of RBCs or blood. Celiac disease (sprue) is one of the diseases that could impair iron absorption. Therefore, adults identified with iron deficiency go for endoscopic procedures for identification of the source of bleeding. This type of anemia will be characterized by decreased amount of hemoglobin resulting in less magnitude of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) owing to reduced size of RBCs. This condition is termed as hypochromic microcytic anemia. Total serum iron also gets diminished, whereas serum iron binding capacity will rather increase, with low transferrin saturation percent (5–10%). In individuals from high altitude regions, serum soluble transferrin receptors will be more expressed (Andrews, 1999; Clark, 2009).
Ferritin levels after ferrous fumarate supplementation in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
Examination for iron deficiency includes serum iron, red blood cells, serum total iron binding capacity, serum transferrin saturation, serum transferrin serum levels and serum ferritin levels. Several studies have shown that the test for serum ferritin is the best and most useful non-invasive test and gives a reliable index of iron storage during pregnancy with a low-grade interpretation that indicates iron deficiency (Pena-Rosas & Viteri, 2006).
Association between iron exposures and stroke in adults: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2007-2016 in United States
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Jingang Xu, Guofeng Xu, Junkang Fang
To date, several epidemiological studies have reported the association between iron status and risk of stroke with inconsistent conclusions (Marniemi et al. 2005; Ekblom et al. 2007; Quintana et al. 2018; Gill et al. 2018). In previous studies, different measures were used as markers of iron status, such as iron intake, serum iron, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Only one prospective study with 755 subjects aged 65–99 years investigated the association between iron intake and risk of stroke and an inverse association was observed, although devoid of statistical significance (Marniemi et al. 2005). In our study, nonlinear associations between iron intake and risk of stroke were found, and the intake of iron up to 25 mg/day was the threshold. There was an inverse association between iron intake and history of stroke when iron intake was below the threshold, and no significant association was found when iron intake was beyond the threshold. Some previous studies examining the association between iron status and risk of stroke also suggested a nonlinear association between serum iron or transferrin saturation and risk of stroke (Gillum et al. 1996; Marniemi et al. 2005). In a prospective study with 755 subjects, a lower risk of stroke in subjects with serum iron level in the middle tertile compared with serum iron in the lowest tertile was found (Marniemi et al. 2005). Another prospective study used transferrin saturation as a measure of iron status and observed a significant U-shaped association of transferrin saturation with risk of incident stroke in White women aged 45–74 years (Gillum et al. 1996).
Dietary supplements for consideration in elite female footballers
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Hannah C. Sheridan, Lloyd J. F. Parker, Kelly M. Hammond
Iron is a fundamental mineral used by the body for multiple processes such as oxygen transport and energy production. Research suggests that the minimum blood markers needed to assess iron status are; ferritin, haemoglobin concentration and transferrin saturation (Sim et al., 2019). Peeling et al. (2007) have proposed the following categories to define the varying levels of iron deficiency (ID) in athletes. Stage 1 – ID: ferritin < 35 μg/L, Hb > 115 g/L, transferrin saturation > 16%Stage 2 – iron-deficient non-anaemia (IDNA): ferritin < 20 μg/L, Hb > 115 g/L, transferrin saturation < 16%Stage 3 – iron-deficient anaemia (IDA): ferritin < 12 μg/L, Hb < 115 g/L, transferrin saturation < 16%
Review of cigars and cigar-type products as potential sources of consumer exposure to heavy metals
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2022
Paweł Jacek Hać, Bartłomiej Michał Cieślik, Piotr Konieczka
Iron homeostasis is an essential biological process that ensures the distribution of this element into tissues for a variety of cellular processes.37 However, iron overload and consequent transferrin saturation and accumulation of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) are possible. Uncontrolled iron deposition in organs leads to progressive tissue damage and consequent organ failure. NTBI is presumed to play a major role in various pathological conditions that are dominated by iron overload.38,39 Among the heavy metals, it is Fe that is present in the cigars in highest concentrations.24,27,33 The studies reported its content to be as high as 2.17 mg/g. Although the human body may have a high iron tolerance due to the biological role of these element, it is still important that compared to other tested heavy metals, Fe is present in significantly higher amounts in tobacco. The effect of iron absorbed from the digestive system can be radically different from the effect it has on the respiratory system.40