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Infection in the Hematopoeitic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient with Autoimmune Disease
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Valentina Stosor, Teresa R. Zembower
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immunoregulatory disorder in which antibodies damage platelets leading to their removal by the reticuloendothelial system.45,46 In children, a history of preceding viral illness or live virus immunization has frequently been described.47 Because of the significant association with HIV, eliciting risk factors and testing for HIV in any patient presenting with ITP is warranted.48
‘A long want’: an archival exploration of scurvy in the Otago goldfields of New Zealand
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2023
Hallie R. Buckley, Melandri Vlok, Peter Petchey, Neville Ritchie
The symptoms of the disease are described below as they were understood at the time, rather than modernising the terms, as this is how the patients would have experienced the narrative around the disease. A diagnosis of scurvy in the nineteenth century would have meant the person presented with a very pale and bloated face. They would have been displaying signs of spotted haemorrhage under the skin, so called purpura (Figure 1), with softened and bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and tight, swollen, very painful limbs. Graphic descriptions of scurvy in sailors may also be applied to miners’ experiences in the early rush days: long want, improper food, grief, melancholy, cold etc; and the symptoms … … ; such as gums monstrously putrid, swelled legs, livid blue spots and hardnes [sic] on the body, contracted limbs, the scorbutic deliquium, often ending in the most sudden and unexpected death, fluxes and haemorrhages of all sorts etc. (Lind 1753, p. 311).The livid blue spots and hardness on the body describes the effects of haemorrhaging in tissues under the skin. It should be acknowledged that purpura is also now recognised as a symptom of other platelet and vascular disorders (e.g. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Murrin and Murray 2006) which may account for some cases of misdiagnosis by the nineteenth century physicians.
The antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activity of encapsulated silver nanoparticles in emulsions and its synergistic effect with E. coli bacteriophage
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Amera Elsayed, Anan Safwat, Abdallah S. Abdelsattar, Kareem Essam, Rana Nofal, Salsabil Makky, Ayman El-Shibiny
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged to be the most serious health problem in the 21st century that causes severe infections and diseases. It impaired our abilities to prevent and treat the wide range of infections caused by the bacteria.[1,2] Consequently, antimicrobial resistance is counted to be one of the global public health threats. By 2050, the number of deaths due to bacterial infections will exceed the number of deaths due to cancer-associated disease reaching around 10 million people.[3]Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and rod-shaped bacterium. Although almost all E. coli strains are nonpathogenic, some serotypes pose a high virulence infection in humans that is responsible for high mortality and morbidity rate over the world according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).[4] The most dispersal pathogenic serotype that causes illness is E. coli O157:H7. The infected humans with E. coli O157:H7 suffer from bloody diarrhea reaching thrombocytopenic purpura. Moreover, it can be transmitted from animal to human via the consumption of contaminated foods.[5]
Molecular epidemiology of virulent E. coli among rural small scale dairy herds and shops: Efficacy of selected marine algal extracts and disinfectants
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Ahmed S. Ahmed, Hassan M. Diab, Mohammed A. Alkahtani, Mohammed A. Alshehri, Hani Saber, Heba Badr, Mohamed K. Dandrawy, Ahmed A. El-Mansi, Ali A. Shati, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
In the present study, virulent E. coli strains harboring eaeA and hly were recovered from 39.1% to 30.4% of milk and milk product samples and 62.5% and 37.5% of water sources commonly used in villages of Qena governorates. In addition, 34.8% and 50% of E. coli identified from milk/milk products and water samples carrying the virulent Stx1 genes which were classified as STEC strains. The intimin gene (eaeA) is a well-known virulence factor, not only for EPEC and EHEC but also for a typical EPEC. It enhances the virulence of STEC showing higher frequency in human strains than those of bovine (Blanco et al. 2004). Intimin, an outer membrane protein encoded by the eaeA gene helping E. coli, was found to intimate the attachment to intestinal epithelial cells, reducing the absorption capacity and stimulating the intestinal secretion (Wilshaw et al. 2000). The alpha-hemolysin (hly) of E. coli is one of the cytolytic pore-forming toxins (PFTs) which lyse the erythrocytes giving strong cytotoxic/cytolytic action against the nucleated cells (Söderström et al. 2017). Shiga toxins (cytotoxins) produced by E. coli are associated with a variety of human illnesses such as bloody or watery diarrhea, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in possible fatal consequences (Zastempowska et al. 2016). Ruminants, especially cattle, are the main reservoir of STEC and outbreaks associated with the consumption of milk and dairy products as reported worldwide (Vendramin et al. 2014).