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Shear Stress, Mechanosensors, and Atherosclerosis
Published in Juhyun Lee, Sharon Gerecht, Hanjoong Jo, Tzung Hsiai, Modern Mechanobiology, 2021
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4) is a nonselective cation channel that regulates multiple facets of endothelial function (i.e., calcium influx, eNOS phosphorylation, and nitric oxide [NO] production) [43]. A recent study by Ye et al. has shown that TRPV4 is involved in irisin-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by enhancing extracellular Ca2+ influx in rat mesenteric arteries [44]. He et al. revealed decreased interaction between TRPV4 and KCa2.3 (Ca2+-activated potassium channel 3) in ECs from hypertensive mice and patients. The authors also discovered a new small-molecule compound, JNC-440, which potentiated TRPV4/KCa2.3 interaction in ECs, promoted vasodilation, and lowered blood pressure in mice without systemic activation of both channels [45]. Caires et al. recently showed that metabolism of omega-3 fatty acids is essential for TRPV4 activity and omega-3 PUFAs6 increased TRPV4 channel activity in human ECs without affecting TRPV4 expression or trafficking [46]. TRPV4-dependent Ca2+ influx also mediates H2S-induced vasodilation in ECs [47]. Moreover, shear stress sensitizes TRPV4 agonist–induced response by promoting the trafficking of intracellular TRPV4 to the plasma membrane, through exocytosis. In addition, shear stress enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of TRPV4 at site Y110 [48].
Mechanobiology of Bladder Urothelial Cells
Published in Jiro Nagatomi, Eno Essien Ebong, Mechanobiology Handbook, 2018
Shawn Olsen, Kevin Champaigne, Jiro Nagatomi
TRPV4 is another nonselective cation channel that shares approximately 40% amino acid identity with TRPV1 [71]. TRPV4 has been found in epithelial cells in the renal tubule, trachea, and recently in the bladder [72]. A study that investigated the bladder function of TRPV4 knockout mice demonstrated an increase in nonvoiding contractions similar to TRPV1 knockout mice, but also found an increase in time between voids [73]. This suggests potentially overlapping but distinct roles for TRPV4 and TRPV1 in bladder sensation. TRPV4 was first discovered to be activated by hypotonicity-induced cell swelling and thus membrane stretch [74], but more recently has been associated with mechanical stimuli such as shear stress and pressure in mice [12]. Once activated in response to cell swelling and membrane stretch, TRPV4 mediates a chain of events that leads to a release of cellular signaling molecules (e.g., ATP, acetylcholine, NO).
Coughing induced by drugs
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
The TRPV4 receptor is sensitive to changes in osmotic pressure. Changes in the osmotic composition of the inhaled nebulized solution have important side-effects in terms of cough.9 Thus, hypertonic saline recently introduced for the treatment of bronchiectasis may produce profound paroxysms of coughing.10 In the 1980s the side-effects of bronchoconstriction and cough with nebulized ipratropium were narrowed down to the lack of the isosmolarity of the nebulized solution.11,12 Subsequent production of an isosmolar solution has removed this problem.
Effect of novel recovery garments utilising nanodiamond- and nanoplatinum-coated materials (DPV576-C) on physical and psychological stress in baseball players: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Youngju Choi, Mizuho Makita, Yuki Nakamura, Kousaku Yamamoto, Takaaki Nara, Takashi Kawamura, Hidehiro Fukuda, Hideki Katano, Shumpei Miyakawa, Seiji Maeda
The mechanism by which DPV576-C garments have positive effects on both physical and psychological stress is not clear. Given that DPV576-C garments have direct contact with the skin, their effects may be mediated through skin keratinocytes. Epidermal keratinocytes are a key part of the skin’s sensory system. Keratinocytes sense stress and pain via several different mechanisms that include transient receptor potential (TRP) channel expression (Nilius, Owsianik, Voets, & Peters, 2007). In particular, TRPV4 receptors, which are a subfamily of TRP channels, are known to be sensitive to temperature and play a part in inflammation and painful conditions (Laing & Dhaka, 2016). Interestingly, Ghoneum, Katano, Agrawal, Ganguly, and Agrawal (2017) found that DPV576 (liquid) plays a role in the activation of keratinocytes via multiple signalling pathways, including TRPV4, which may reduce stress associated with inflammation, pain, and circadian rhythms (Ghoneum et al., 2017). Moreover, DPV576 fabric could increase infra-red absorption and have a temperature-regulating effect (Fujimura, Nakamura, & Shiozaki, 2015), which is related to improved sleep (Raymann, Swaab, & Van Someren, 2008). Based on these findings, it is conceivable that DPV576-C garments, which activate keratinocytes and have a temperature-regulating effect, may reduce physical and psychological stress.