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Homo Sapiens (“Us”): Strengths and Weaknesses
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
On a mechanistic level, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are related to action potentials in nerves that can be differentiated as follows: chemical TRP channels that act like taste buds, signaling if their receptors bond to certain elements/chemicals (e.g., iodine in a cut of our skin);mechanical TRP channels react to depression of their cells (like touch, but caused by crushing, tearing, shearing, etc);thermal TRP channels change shape at temperatures outside the moderate range of 24–28°Celsius (cold or hot).
Homo Sapiens (“Us”): Strengths and Weaknesses
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Our Animal Connection, 2019
On a mechanistic level, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are related to action potentials in nerves that can be differentiated as follows: chemical TRP channels that act like taste buds, signaling if their receptors bond to certain elements/chemicals (e.g., iodine in a cut of our skin);mechanical TRP channels react to depression of their cells (like touch, but caused by crushing, tearing, shearing, etc);thermal TRP channels change shape at temperatures outside the moderate range of 24–28°Celsius (cold or hot).
Human Thermoregulation System and Comfort
Published in Guowen Song, Faming Wang, Firefighters’ Clothing and Equipment, 2018
With regard to peripheral thermosensors, neural signals of cold-sensitive neurons are conveyed by thin myelinated Aδ fiber while those of warm-sensitive neurons are travelled via unmyelinated C fiber. The mammalian TRP superfamily consists of 30 channels divided in six subfamilies known as the TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPML (mucolipin), TRPP (polycystin), and TRPA (ankyrin). Of these, the heat-activated TRPV1-V4, M2, M4, and M5 and the cold-activated TRPM8 and A1 are often referred as the thermoTRP channels. They cover a sensible temperature range in an overlapping fashion, and their activities have different sensitivities to temperature. Activation of thermoTRP channels will generate inward nonselective cationic current and consequently increase the resting membrane potential.
Increasing cannabis use and importance as an environmental contaminant mixture and associated risks to exposed biota: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Emily K. C. Kennedy, Genevieve A. Perono, Dion B. Nemez, Alison C. Holloway, Philippe J. Thomas, Robert Letcher, Chris Marvin, Jorg Stetefeld, Jake Stout, Oliver Peters, Vince Palace, Gregg Tomy
Cannabinoids can also induce their effects via mechanisms independent of CB1/CB2. The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily are nonselective cation channels that modulate cellular passage of calcium and sodium ions (Starkus et al., 2019). Several studies have reported that TRP channels, particularly TRPV1-4, TRPA1, and TRPM8, interact with cannabinoids (Reviewed in: (Pertwee et al., 2010)). TRPV1 is widely expressed in brain and sensory neurons (mainly in dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia) and is co-localized with CB1 receptors (Lowin & Straub, 2015), allowing for concerted modulation of cannabinoid signaling involved pathophysiological conditions such as pain, nociception, epilepsy, thermoregulation and itch (Heblinski et al., 2020; Morales et al., 2017). Phytocannabinoids, including CBD and endocannabinoids such as AEA, are known agonists of TRPV1 (Muller et al., 2018). Activation of TRPV1 permits membrane depolarization (via Na+ influx) in excitable neurons and increases intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ (via rise in influx or release from intracellular stores). This effect can facilitate pain reduction, modulating neurotransmitter release and desensitization of TRPV1 channels (Pertwee et al., 2010; Starkus et al., 2019).
Effect of novel recovery garments utilising nanodiamond- and nanoplatinum-coated materials (DPV576-C) on physical and psychological stress in baseball players: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Youngju Choi, Mizuho Makita, Yuki Nakamura, Kousaku Yamamoto, Takaaki Nara, Takashi Kawamura, Hidehiro Fukuda, Hideki Katano, Shumpei Miyakawa, Seiji Maeda
The mechanism by which DPV576-C garments have positive effects on both physical and psychological stress is not clear. Given that DPV576-C garments have direct contact with the skin, their effects may be mediated through skin keratinocytes. Epidermal keratinocytes are a key part of the skin’s sensory system. Keratinocytes sense stress and pain via several different mechanisms that include transient receptor potential (TRP) channel expression (Nilius, Owsianik, Voets, & Peters, 2007). In particular, TRPV4 receptors, which are a subfamily of TRP channels, are known to be sensitive to temperature and play a part in inflammation and painful conditions (Laing & Dhaka, 2016). Interestingly, Ghoneum, Katano, Agrawal, Ganguly, and Agrawal (2017) found that DPV576 (liquid) plays a role in the activation of keratinocytes via multiple signalling pathways, including TRPV4, which may reduce stress associated with inflammation, pain, and circadian rhythms (Ghoneum et al., 2017). Moreover, DPV576 fabric could increase infra-red absorption and have a temperature-regulating effect (Fujimura, Nakamura, & Shiozaki, 2015), which is related to improved sleep (Raymann, Swaab, & Van Someren, 2008). Based on these findings, it is conceivable that DPV576-C garments, which activate keratinocytes and have a temperature-regulating effect, may reduce physical and psychological stress.
Genetic variants affecting chemical mediated skin immunotoxicity
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Isisdoris Rodrigues de Souza, Patrícia Savio de Araujo-Souza, Daniela Morais Leme
Environmental agents might activate receptors or ion channels such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, that act as multimodal sensors for a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Upon activation, TRP transduce electrical and Ca2+ signals, resulting in a variety of body reactions to adapt to the environmental changes (Takahashi, Kozai, and Mori 2012). Some of the TRP channels are expressed by sensory nerves and regulate skin neurogenic inflammation and pruritus (Steinhoff et al. 2006; Trier, Mack, and Kim 2019).