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Coughing induced by drugs
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
The capsaicin receptor is one of a family of irritant receptors, known as the ‘transient receptor potential’ family.2 The importance of this receptor in the production of cough in humans is demonstrated by the exquisite sensitivity of the human cough reflex to specific agonists of this receptor, such as capsaicin3 and resiniferatoxin.4 Indeed, resiniferatoxin is the most potent tussive agent known. The TRPV1 is a non-specific ion channel, which responds not only to vanilloids, such as capsaicin, but also to acidity and a change in temperature. The receptor may be up-regulated by inflammatory mediators,5 and of particular interest it has been demonstrated that lipoxygenase products act intracellularly to increase the opening probability of the receptor.6 Thus, in lung diseases such as asthma, TRPV1 activity is increased and may be responsible for the cough associated with inhaled antiasthmatic medication.7
Mechanobiology of Bladder Urothelial Cells
Published in Jiro Nagatomi, Eno Essien Ebong, Mechanobiology Handbook, 2018
Shawn Olsen, Kevin Champaigne, Jiro Nagatomi
TRPV1 channels are nonselective cation channels that are highly permeable to Ca2+ and allow for the influx of Ca2+ in response to the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores [67]. Capsaicin, the active component in chili peppers, has been identified as a ligand that activates the TRPV1 channel [68]. In the bladder, TRPV1 is expressed in sensory nerve fibers, urothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and probably smooth muscle cells [12]. Previous studies have shown that capsaicin-invoked desensitization affects neurons important for bladder mechanosensation. These studies suggest that capsaicin-sensitive neurons participate in bladder physiology, specifically for bladder hyperreactivity [69].
Topical application of isolated menthol and combined menthol-capsaicin creams: Exercise tolerance, thermal perception, pain, attentional focus and thermoregulation in the heat
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Jenny Peel, Kevin John, Joe Page, Owen Jeffries, Shane M. Heffernan, Jamie Tallent, Mark Waldron
Capsaicin, also a plant-derived compound and found in most chilli peppers, binds to TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors, which are also found in the mouth and on the skin surface (Caterina, 2007). Transduction of these channels creates a spicy or burning sensation, which can lead to irritation or distraction once applied (Yang & Zheng, 2017). Whilst capsaicin (Starowicz et al., 2007; Vyklický et al., 2008) and indeed menthol (Pergolizzi et al., 2018), have been primarily used for analgesic purposes, oral ingestion of capsaicin has also been reported to increase endurance time to exhaustion (de Freitas et al., 2018; de Freitas et al., 2019). However, the ergogenicity of topical capsaicin application is unclear, with Schlader et al. (2011) reporting no ergogenic effect during a perceptually self-regulated time to exhaustion in a temperate environment (∼20°C) following facial 0.025% capsaicin cream application, compared to placebo or 8% menthol conditions. The capsaicin creams also elicited a warmer facial sensation and discomfort. On the other hand, Botonis et al. (2019) found that application of capsaicin cream to four thermally sensitive areas of the body enhanced thermoregulatory processes, such as sweat rate and onset, and skin vasodilation, thereby extending time to reach a set core temperature during cycling exercise. The reasons for these mixed findings are uncertain but, given the sensory adaptations that occur secondary to both capsaicin and menthol application to the skin, it is feasible that their effects on the spinothalamic (i.e. temperature and pain) sensory pathways partly explain their ergogenic effect.
Increasing cannabis use and importance as an environmental contaminant mixture and associated risks to exposed biota: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Emily K. C. Kennedy, Genevieve A. Perono, Dion B. Nemez, Alison C. Holloway, Philippe J. Thomas, Robert Letcher, Chris Marvin, Jorg Stetefeld, Jake Stout, Oliver Peters, Vince Palace, Gregg Tomy
Cannabinoids can also induce their effects via mechanisms independent of CB1/CB2. The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily are nonselective cation channels that modulate cellular passage of calcium and sodium ions (Starkus et al., 2019). Several studies have reported that TRP channels, particularly TRPV1-4, TRPA1, and TRPM8, interact with cannabinoids (Reviewed in: (Pertwee et al., 2010)). TRPV1 is widely expressed in brain and sensory neurons (mainly in dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia) and is co-localized with CB1 receptors (Lowin & Straub, 2015), allowing for concerted modulation of cannabinoid signaling involved pathophysiological conditions such as pain, nociception, epilepsy, thermoregulation and itch (Heblinski et al., 2020; Morales et al., 2017). Phytocannabinoids, including CBD and endocannabinoids such as AEA, are known agonists of TRPV1 (Muller et al., 2018). Activation of TRPV1 permits membrane depolarization (via Na+ influx) in excitable neurons and increases intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ (via rise in influx or release from intracellular stores). This effect can facilitate pain reduction, modulating neurotransmitter release and desensitization of TRPV1 channels (Pertwee et al., 2010; Starkus et al., 2019).
Genetic variants affecting chemical mediated skin immunotoxicity
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Isisdoris Rodrigues de Souza, Patrícia Savio de Araujo-Souza, Daniela Morais Leme
The activation of TRPV1 channels also suppresses skin inflammation. TRPV1 activation is required to generate persistent itch in squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE)-induced ADC mice model; however, TRPV1 channels are protective in blocking SADBE-induced ear edema through modulating the function of dermal macrophages (Feng et al. 2017). This also inhibited inflammation process, noted in mouse model of oxazolone-induced CHS (Laverdet et al. 2015). These data provide evidence that skin inflammation and persistent itch are mediated by distinct molecular mechanisms that rely on the type of xenobiotic.