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Biological Responses in Context
Published in Arthur T. Johnson, Biology for Engineers, 2019
Some animals have other means to reduce the energy inefficiency of locomotion. Animals such as centipedes have so many legs that their bodies do not rise and fall during locomotion. Snakes crawl without the benefit of legs, but their locomotion must overcome the friction created between the ground surface and their skin. Crocodiles use a side-to-side waddling motion to move their legs forward to propel themselves. Fishes’ bodies contain a special swim bladder that allows them to maintain a vertical position in the water without muscular effort. It has been estimated that a 1% improvement in the efficiency of a swimming fish can be expected to make 3% more energy available for growth and reproduction (Alexander, 2003). Birds have wings that convert forward motion into lift to improve efficiency. Humans even use bicycles to propel themselves forward without the rising and falling of the body, and so decrease energy expenditure (Figure 6.14.3).
Numerical research on the effect of leaf venation shape bionic surface extension and the location on latent heat storage system
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2021
Zhihao Li, Ying Zhang, Peisheng Li, Yichen Huang, Wenlin Ye, Wenbin Li
Various methods have been applied to enhance heat transfer inside LHTES in the research mentioned earlier, but very few studies have used bionic structures to enhance heat transfer. Bionic structures have been widely used in the field of fluid and heat transfer research in past researches. Inspired by plant transpiration, Drabiniok and Neyer [23] designed bionic microporous evaporation foil cooling system. Cui and Fu [24] studied the influence of the surface texture of sharks, skuas, seals, and shells on heat transfer enhancement. Xu et al. [25] investigated bionic swim bladder system of bionic design in underwater condition to improve static balance and controllability of underwater conditions. Inspired by the skull and osteoderms of crocodilian, Yang et al. [26] analyzed new bionic radiator for battery cooling. Yan et al. [27] used large eddy simulation to study the design method and hydrodynamic characteristics of the bionic airfoil. Tian et al. [28] conducted a research to investigate the effect of bionic dolphin skin for fluid control. In our previous research, Zhang et al. [29] applied bionic structure into evaporators.
Acid and enzymatic extraction of collagen from Atlantic cod (Gadus Morhua) swim bladders envisaging health-related applications
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Rita O. Sousa, Ana L. Alves, Duarte Nuno Carvalho, Eva Martins, Catarina Oliveira, Tiago H. Silva, Rui L. Reis
The main part of the fish by-products resulting from the fisheries and food processing industries is still directed for fish silage, fishmeal and oil production, mainly used for animal feed [3,4]. Nevertheless, cod by-products have already been used, for example, for the extraction of collagen [5,6] and fish leather production from skin, the extraction of calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite from bones [7], the isolation of enzymes from liver, as well as other valuable compounds from viscera or muscle [4]. In this project, swim bladders were removed from salt-cured cod (Gadus morhua) and used to extract fish protein - collagen. The swim bladder or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, avoiding the waste of energy in swimming. Additionally, the swim bladder functions as a resonating chamber, to produce or receive sound and it is evolutionarily homologous to the lungs [8,9]. The swim bladder consists of three main layers: tunica externa, submucosa, and mucosa. The tunica externa is composed of a dense layer of connective tissue [9], being a potential source for the production of collagen.
Evolvement rule and hydrodynamic effect of fluid field around fish-like model from starting to cruising
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2020
Xue Gang, Liu Yanjun, Si Weiwei, Xue Yifan, Guo Fengxiang, Li Zhitong
A fish can move up and down by adjusting its density through its swim bladder. We also paid attention to the effect of the fluid field with various fish-like model densities. We kept the envelope volume of the fish-like model unchanged, and changed the shell density of the model. Then, the average density of the model would be changed. We defined to represent the relative density of the fish-like model, as: where denotes the shell density of the fish-like model, and denotes the density of fluid around the model.