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Computer Vision in Surgical Operating Theatre and Medical Imaging
Published in Lavanya Sharma, Mukesh Carpenter, Computer Vision and Internet of Things, 2022
Mukesh Carpenter, Dharmendra Carpenter, Vinod Kumar Jangid, Lavanya Sharma
Object detection in digital images is the main component of CV. Surgical videos aid in visualizing medical goals and sensitive regions to optimize and increase the procedure safety such as surgical instrument detection (Automatic detection and localization helps in accurate positioning and ensure critical structures are not injured), lesion detection (AI vision systems can provide aids highlighting lesions and anomalies that could not be possible without AI systems) as shown in Figure 7.11, anatomy detections (Detection and highlighting of anatomical areas during surgery can provide guidance and avoid accidental damage of nerves and vessels) [10,29,33,37,47,59–62].
Safety of Medical Robots, Regulation, and Standards
Published in Paolo Barattini, Vicentini Federico, Gurvinder Singh Virk, Tamás Haidegger, Human–Robot Interaction, 2019
The draft definition is currently:Rase: Medical electrical equipment that incorporates a pems actuated mechanism intended to facilitate the placement or manipulation of robotic surgical instrumentsRobotic surgical instrument: Invasive device with an applied part, intended to be manipulated by rase to perform tasks in surgery
Healthcare Environment and Infection Control
Published in Herman Koren, Best Practices for Environmental Health, 2017
In the United States, annually there are about 46.5 million surgical and other invasive medical procedures including about 5 million gastrointestinal endoscopies. In each of these procedures, pathogenic organisms can be introduced into the body by means of the medical device or surgical instrument, thereby setting up a site of infection leading to potentially serious consequences for the patient and outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections caused by a break in procedure in the proper cleaning, disinfecting and, where necessary, sterilization of the equipment.
Additive manufacturing of metallic biomaterials: sustainability aspect, opportunity, and challenges
Published in Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 2023
Pralhad Pesode, Shivprakash Barve
Among the most popular metal alloys for surgical instruments is stainless steel. In order to avoid contamination, its antibacterial and anti-staining qualities are crucial. Stainless steel is used in syringes, needles, sensor probes, catheters, otolaryngology ear scope nozzles, orthopedic implants, bone fixations, artificial heart valves, and many more goods in addition to these and many other purposes. orthopedics implants, like as crowns, bridges, and bit splits, may be precisely manufactured via 3D printing to match the anatomy of each patient. A unique surgical instrument composed of stainless steel that could be disassembled and inserted through a tiny hole in the heart was developed for keyhole heart surgery. The precision of 3D printing made this possible. Due to the durability, simplicity of cleaning, and sterility of stainless steel, and simple to maintain, medical institutions prefer 3D printed medical equipment constructed of these materials. In one of the study the biocompatibility of the stainless-steel utilized in 3D printing was evaluated by pre-osteoblast cells. The findings demonstrated that, in comparison to the control, the 3D-printed stainless steel exhibited consistent ATP levels, which is known to promote cellular proliferation. Overall, cell growth adhesion and proliferation were unaffected by the additively manufactured stainless steel.
Biocompatibility of titanium from the viewpoint of its surface
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Ti alloys have replaced the majority of stainless steels used for the stems of artificial hip joints and bone fixators due to their lower corrosion resistance. However, stainless steel is still utilized for retrievable internal bone fixators and sternal and bone fixation wires due to its superior torsion property and elongation to fracture. Stainless steels are also utilized for medical and surgical instruments and equipment. For implant materials, type 316 L austenitic stainless steel always used. Adding 2.0–3.0 mass% of Mo, increasing Ni from 8.0–10.0 mass% to 12.0–15.0 mass%, and decreasing carbon (C) to less than 0.030% increases its corrosion resistance [34]. The presence of Mo reduces both the number of nucleations and the size of metastable pits. This is due to the strengthening of bonds in the passive film and the elimination of active pitting sites caused by the formation of molybdates or molybdenum oxyhyroxides [35].
Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in Surgical Needles by Exposure to Ozone Gas and Low Pressure
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Vera Lúcia Taba, Henrique Cunha Carvalho, Túlia de Souza Botelho, Adriana Barrinha Fernandes, Carlos José de Lima, Antonio Balbin Villaverde
The steam is the preferred sterilizing method for critical medical and surgical instruments that are not damaged by heat, steam, pressure, or moisture. For the reprocessing of critical patient care equipment that is thermosensitive, low-temperature sterilization technologies such as ethylene oxide (EtO) or hydrogen peroxide gas plasma are recommended. Sterilization using the peracetic acid immersion system can be used to sterilize heat-sensitive medical and surgical items (Rutala and Weber 2008).