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Postural Analysis of Loading and Unloading Tasks for Emergency Ambulance Stretcher-Loading Systems
Published in Philip D. Bust, Contemporary Ergonomics 2006, 2020
This paper summarises the results of the postural analysis of loading and unloading tasks conducted using ambulance stretcher loading equipment. In recent years the ambulance services have made efforts to reduce the level of manual handling activities through the introduction of mechanical aids to assist in loading tasks. This has led to the phasing out of easi-loader stretchers and the introduction of the ramp and winch and tail lift. The new equipment has reduced lifting but the postural risk posed by the three systems has not been comparatively assessed. This analysis allowed the safest system to be identified informing future purchasing decisions made by the ambulance service. The systems analysed include the modular tail lift, the easi-loader stretcher and the hydraulic ramp and winch. The tail lift is the preferred system based on the postural analysis results.
Emergency Preparedness and Response
Published in Neil McManus, Safety and Health in Confined Spaces, 2018
Splints are manufactured in various configurations. The full-body splint/litter/spineboard/stretcher can provide horizontal, as well as lateral immobilization of the spine. The head also is immobilized as part of the ensemble. The traditional unit is the rigid backboard. Some units have a split-leg design that permits each leg to be anchored independently. Many units are designed to fit the immobilized victim through the small openings of some confined spaces. Upper body immobilization is available in some products. Some combine a partial body splint for cervical immobilization and a harness for vertical lifting/extrication. Traction splints provide local immobilization of limbs. The cervical collar provides support to the head, chin and base of the skull (Figures 15.4 and 15.5).
Sizing up the Situation: A Three-dimensional Human Figure Modeling Framework for Military Systems Design
Published in Pamela Savage-Knepshield, John Martin, John Lockett, Laurel Allender, Designing Soldier Systems, 2018
Lastly, consideration must also be given to the extraction of injured or incapacitated personnel. HFM can also be used in this instance to examine space requirements if the patient must be transported into or out of the vehicle or aircraft on a stretcher or litter. In this case, sufficient space must exist not only for the patient and litter but also for the personnel that will need to lift and carry the patient. Also if, for example, a vehicle has rolled over on to its left side and the driver is incapacitated, it may need to be determined if emergency responders would be able to gain access to the injured personnel and if room exists to perform the extraction. HFM can be used to examine this scenario and flag possible design problems that could pose potential problems.
Synthesisation of design features for multifunctional stretcher concepts
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2021
A stretcher is an apparatus used for moving patients who require medical care. It is a device on which a patient lies down for the purpose of being transported to another location [9]. A basic stretcher is to be carried by two or more people. A stretcher may be as simple as those designed for military or emergency rescue purposes. It essentially comprises a piece of canvas affixed to two sturdy poles held by the emergency response personnel when carrying the injured person. Stretchers can be made easily with many kinds of common materials found everywhere, such as a few pieces of bamboo and line bedding [2].