China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Human Hearing and Subjective Response to Sound
Published in Malcolm J. Crocker, A. John Price, Noise and Noise Control, 2018
Malcolm J. Crocker, A. John Price
Other surgical techniques have recently become preferred and fenestration is seldom used now. In 1952, Samuel Rosen accidentally freed the stapes during ear surgery and this technique has been refined into an operation known as stapes mobilization. It is difficult to accomplish, however, because just the right amount of force is needed. Too much force can damage the inner ear. Also because Otosclerosis is a progressive disease, the condition of calcification can recur. The technique now most preferred is stapedectomy: the complete removal of the stapes and its replacement with a plastic part. Stevens8 gives a detailed account of one such operation. The operation must be conducted using a microscope and can be accomplished in less than 30 min. After the stapes is chipped away it is replaced with an artificial one which is attached both to the incus and the oval window and almost perfect hearing is restored.
Mechanisms and Models of the Human Auditory System
Published in John Holmes, Wendy Holmes, Speech Synthesis and Recognition, 2002
Sound arriving at the eardrum causes it to vibrate, and the vibrations are transmitted through the middle ear by three inter-connected small bones, known as the ossicles and comprising the malleus, incus and stapes. The stapes is in contact with the oval window, which is a membrane-covered opening at one end of the cochlea. The cochlea is the main structure of the inner ear. The ossicles vibrate with a lever action, and enable the small air pressure changes that vibrate the eardrum to be coupled effectively to the oval window. In this way the ossicles act as a transformer, to match the low acoustic impedance of the eardrum to the higher impedance of the input to the cochlea.
Hearing and Noise
Published in Stephan Konz, Steven Johnson, Work Design, 2018
In the middle part of the ear, the vibration of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) is transmitted to the oval window through three small bones (ossicles) known as the hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), and stirrup (stapes). The hammer “handle” is connected to the eardrum and the head to the top of the anvil. The base of the anvil is connected to the top of the stirrup. The baseplate of the stirrup moves the oval window leading to the inner ear.
Design of a resilient ring for middle ear’s chamber stapes prosthesis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Emilia Anna Kiryk, Konrad Kamieniecki, Monika Kwacz
Stapes prostheses are used for surgical treatment of otosclerosis, which is an illness affecting auditory ossicles located in the middle ear. The ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes) link the outer and inner ear and transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window (OW). The stapes footplate (SF) is suspended on a highly elastic annular ligament (AL) in the OW niche. The AL enables the stapes to vibrate and to generate a pressure wave in the perilymph fluid. Otosclerosis immobilizes the stapes due to stiffening of the AL. This leads to a decrease in stimulation of the perilymph and manifests by conductive hearing loss (CHL). Otosclerosis is the cause of almost 22% of all CHL (Potocka et al. 2010).