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Immune System Imaging
Published in Margarida M. Barroso, Xavier Intes, In Vivo, 2020
Michael J. Hickey, M. Ursula Norman
After undergoing antigen-mediated activation within lymph nodes, T cells leave the lymph nodes via the lymphatic vasculature, eventually entering the bloodstream to undergo recirculation. Imaging has also revealed the mechanisms underlying lymphocyte egress from the lymph node, demonstrating that T cells migrate toward and within the lymph node sinus at which stage they are able to be captured by lymph flow (Grigorova et al., 2009). This process is driven by interaction of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a chemoattractant abundant in lymph, via interaction with T cell-expressed sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 1 (S1P1). The latter finding is notable for the fact that prevention of T cell egress from the lymph node via S1P1 inhibition forms the basis of action of Fingolimod (FTY720), an immunosuppressive agent used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (Calabresi et al., 2014).
Visible-light promoted serendipitous synthesis of 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-thiadiazoles via oxidative dimerization of thiobenzamides
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2022
1,2,4-Thiadiazole system represents the core skeleton of an important class of heterocyclic compounds possessing a wide range of biological activities and associated therapeutic applications such as anti-microbial, insecticidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, and antibiotics, etc. [1–3]. Although the 1,2,4-thiadiazole scaffold is found solely in the commercial antibiotic cefozopran [4,5], a number of derivatives related to this system are active agonist of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype (S1P1) [6], free fatty acid receptor (GPR40) [7], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ [8], cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors [9], factor XIIIa inhibitors [10], glycogen synthase kinase inhibitors [11], and allosteric modulators of adenosine receptors [12]. Polycarpathiamines A [13], a novel 1,2,4-thiadiazole alkaloid, was recently discovered to have cytotoxic effect against L5178Y murine lymphoma cells (Figure 1).