China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Role of Plasma Membrane Proteins in Tolerance of Dehydration in the Plant Cell
Published in Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Nahar Kamrun, Fujita Masayuki, Oku Hirosuke, Tofazzal M. Islam, Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 2019
Pragya Barua, Dipak Gayen, Nilesh Vikram Land, Subhra Chakraborty, Niranjan Chakraborty
Abiotic stresses are often accompanied by ionic stresses, as in the case of salinity stress that is manifested with an excess of Na+ ion. Sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) proteins having 9-11 transmembrane domains play a crucial role in maintaining the calcium homeostasis of the cell. Wang et al. (2012) elaborated the role of an NCX-like protein, AtNCL, in salt stress in Arabidopsis. They further reported that atncl seedlings showed lower sodium and higher calcium content. NCX is one of the key cellular components for removal of Ca2+. NCX exports single Ca2+, importing three Na+ ions in exchange and can reverse its mode of action when the cellular Na+ concentration goes beyond a critical level. The direction of transfer depends upon the gradient generated by Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations across the cell. Although with the availability of massive sequence information it is increasingly evident that NCX proteins are widely distributed in both plants and animals, but so far AtNCL is the only NCX protein characterized in plants (Wang et al., 2012). Functional characterization studies are imperative for comprehensively dissecting these proteins, which are crucial for maintaining Ca2+ ion homeostasis.
Computational modeling of stretch induced calcium signaling at the apical membrane domain in umbrella cells
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Amritanshu Gupta, Rohit Manchanda
Sub-cellularly, morphological studies of UCs have shown clusters of mitochondria and an abundant presence of discoidal fusiform vesicles (DFVs) in the sub-apical-plasma membrane domain (Jost et al. 1989). In stretched UCs, several DFVs and mitochondria align parallel to the apical plasma membrane packing the space occupied by the sub-apical cytoplasm (Hudoklin et al. 2012). Keeping in mind this structural arrangement in UCs, we envisage that this structural adaptation, i.e., an abundant presence of DFVs and clusters of sub-apical mitochondria, results in a tightly packed cytosolic sub-compartment under the apical membrane, which we term as the “sub-plasma membrane space” or, for brevity, SPMS. With reference to mitochondria, in various cell types, particularly secretory epithelial cells, mitochondria are well known for their role in cycling/buffering Ca2+ (Rizzuto et al. 1999; Voronina et al. 2014). This is made possible via a specialised Ca2+ handling toolkit on the mitochondrial membrane, which includes the low Ca2+ affinity Uniporter (MCU) responsible for the uptake of Ca2+ and the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) which pumps out Ca2+ back into the cytosol (Finkel et al. 2015).
Electrocardiogram signal generation using electrical model of cardiac cell: application in cardiac ischemia
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Alireza Fallahi, Hamidreza Ghanbari Khorram, Alireza Kokabi
Phase 2 is sustained by a balance between the inward movement of Ca2+ ions, ICa, through L-type calcium channels and outward movement of K+ ions through the slow delayed rectifier potassium channels, IK. The sodium-calcium exchanger current, INaCa, and the sodium/potassium pump current, INaK, also play minor roles during Phase 2.