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Driver Capabilities in the Resumption of Control
Published in Donald L. Fisher, William J. Horrey, John D. Lee, Michael A. Regan, Handbook of Human Factors for Automated, Connected, and Intelligent Vehicles, 2020
Sherrilene Classen, Liliana Alvarez
Glaucoma refers to a group of degenerative eye diseases that compromise the integrity of the optic nerve, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (Cohen & Pasquale, 2014). The most common type of glaucoma is open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for nearly 90% of all glaucoma cases (Glaucoma Research Foundation, n.d.). Open-angle glaucoma is a result of a progressive clogging of the eye’s drainage canals, which in turn increases pressure on the optic nerve. This clogging develops in spite of an adequately wide and open angle where the cornea and the iris meet, and the symptoms emerge only after the disease advances (Cohen & Pasquale, 2014). Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, develops when the drainage canals are blocked due to the angle closure between the iris and the cornea. Angle-closure glaucoma develops rapidly and leads to severe noticeable symptoms (See: Aquino et al., 2011). Other types of glaucoma include normal-tension glaucoma, where the optic nerve is damaged in spite of relatively normal intra ocular pressure—the cause of which remains poorly understood (Anderson, 2011), and secondary glaucoma, which results from an injury around the eye that increases pressure on the optic nerve (Papadopoulos, Loh, & Fenerty, 2015). Figure 10.3 illustrates a scene as viewed by a person diagnosed with glaucoma.
Medical and Mathematical Background
Published in Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza, Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, 2020
Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza
Glaucoma is a collection of optic neuropathies. It is a chronic disease that has various types, the most common of which is open-angle glaucoma. It is differentiated from ACG by the appearance of the iridocorneal angle. In the OAG, the iridocorneal angle is open and has a normal form. On the other hand, the iridocorneal angle is closed in ACG. Glaucoma is further divided into primary and secondary. Primary glaucoma is characterized by the absence of additional ocular/systemic impairments. Regardless of the common features between primary and secondary glaucoma, however, secondary glaucoma might proceed differently. In addition, secondary glaucoma is accompanied by ocular/systemic diseases which could lead to the initiation of glaucoma.
Device profile of the EYEMATE-IO™ system for intraocular pressure monitoring: overview of its safety and efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Philip Enders, Claus Cursiefen
In two prospective, open-label, single-arm, multicenter multi-center clinical trials the second generation of the telemetric intraocular pressure sensor now branded Eyemate-IO™ could show a promising safety and performance record in glaucoma patients and patients requiring keratoprosthesis surgery [19–21]. Current follow-up data cover the first 12 months after implantation of the Eyemate-IO™ system. The device allowing intraocular continuous IOP assessment addresses a major unmet need in monitoring and treatment of patients with primary or secondary glaucoma. Especially in keratoprosthesis, IOP can conventionally only be estimated by finger palpation of the sclera due to the rigid surface of the implant [26,27,34]. The Eyemate-IO™ technology helps the clinician to overcome this significant restriction as the development of secondary is one of the three most frequent and most severe complications after keratoprosthesis implantation [35]. Results on the safety of the device in the clinical study met expectations and were comparable to stand-alone keratoprosthesis surgery [19,26]. Regarding performance, telemetrically obtained IOP values had a good concordance with those of surgical manometry as well as finger palpation [19].
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Ocular Pathology: Imaging Study of 115 eyes
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Iris flattening [15(13.6%)] was observed in most cases of JOAG, secondary glaucoma, and trauma (Figure 3e). Posterior synechiae were visualized in 13 (11.3%) eyes (Figure 3h), mostly with trauma and uveitis. Iris tears, iridodialysis (Figure 3e), and persistent pupillary membrane (Figure 3g) were observed in one case each. Peter’s anomaly was visualized as iris strands attached to a posterior corneal defect in one eye. Similar iris anterior synechiae were seen in two additional eyes with penetrating trauma.