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Gastrointestinal system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Barium meal has generally been replaced by endoscopy for the investigation of upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms such as dyspepsia, suspected upper GIT bleeding, weight loss or anaemia of unknown cause. Water-soluble contrast material (Gastrografin) is used for assessment of anastomoses post-gastric surgery, including various surgical procedures used for control of obesity, such as gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
How viable is pre-surgery weight reduction for the reduction of periprosthetic joint infection risk after total joint arthroplasty?
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Michael Yayac, Rajesh Aggarwal, Javad Parvizi
For some patients, especially those with a BMI of 40 or greater, bariatric surgery may be the only feasible option to achieve and sustain substantial weight loss. In recent years, there have been three commonly performed procedures, including laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic gastric banding [7]. While still performed, laparoscopic gastric banding has fallen out of favor as a surgical option due to inferior outcomes and complications secondary to band slippage, erosions, and viscous penetrations, necessitating removal [8]. RYGB is considered the gold-standard procedure, having demonstrated superior results through several studies with long-term follow-up [9]. However, sleeve gastrectomy has recently become the preferred procedure for many bariatric surgeons due to its relative technical ease and lower risk of complications [7,8]. Evidence regarding the long-term outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy is limited, but two recent RCTs comparing sleeve gastrectomy to RYGB found no clinically significant differences between the procedures at a 5-year follow-up [7,10]. Unlike lifestyle modification or weight loss medications, bariatric surgery can result in rapid weight loss, which may be substantial enough to impact the risk of PJI. Patients undergoing either RYGB or sleeve gastrectomy have achieved BMI reductions of 11.5 to 13.1 points within 1 year, losing greater than 70% of their excess weight, and the success of these of procedures has been linked to numerous health benefits including improved glucose tolerance, blood pressure control, and blood lipid levels [7,9,10].
Systematic review on gastric electrical stimulation in obesity treatment
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Alimujiang Maisiyiti, Jiande Dz Chen
Surgical treatment is typically recommended for adults with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 without comorbid illness, or a BMI of 35 to 39.9 kg/m2 with at least one serious comorbidity, who have not met weight loss goals with diet, exercise, and drug therapy [8]. Several surgical procedures are being used clinically, the most common bariatric surgery procedures are gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch [9]. Among these various procedures, sleeve gastrectomy is a more commonly performed bariatric procedure for obesity without diabetes, whereas Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has a reliable hypoglycemic effect in addition to weight loss. A recent IFSO worldwide surgery in 2016 reported that the total number of bariatric/metabolic procedures in 2016 was 685, 874 and the most performed procedures were sleeve gastrectomy (53.6%) followed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (30.1%) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (4.8%) [10].
Effects of Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Display Use for Simulated Laparoscopic Surgery
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Yaoyu Fu, Steven D. Schwaitzberg, Lora Cavuoto
According to recent literature reviews (Birlo et al., 2022; Doughty et al., 2022; Gsaxner et al., 2023), there has been a growing trend of using OST-HMDs during surgery in recent years, particularly after the introduction of Google Glass and Microsoft HoloLens. Most of the OST-HMD applications targeted physicians and healthcare professionals, but not medical students/trainees and patients. Surgery usually has a long duration. Jackson et al. (2011) analyzed the operative time of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, colectomy, cholecystectomy, Nissen fundoplication, and inguinal hernia. The operative time of the analyzed surgery ranged from 63.14 ± 33.73 min to 159.89 ± 64.10 min. However, there are limited studies regarding using OST-HMDs for an extended period of time, particularly for fine motor, and fixed posture tasks (such as what is required for surgery). A few studies have evaluated user strain for extended usage (2 h and 4 h) of OST-HMDs in order picking tasks (Grubert et al., 2010; Schwerdtfeger et al., 2009). The results showed that the user strain significantly increased after the task, but there was no significant difference compared to the same task without using the OST-HMD. However, to what extent the HMDs affect fatigue during and after prolonged usage and how the effect of HMDs differs from conventional monitors are still unclear and need to be investigated. Another challenge identified with OST-HMD use in surgery is the interaction with the virtual content (Birlo et al., 2022; Doughty et al., 2022; Gsaxner et al., 2023). Since this interaction can affect performance, it is important to investigate OST-HMD use for tasks that require such an interaction.