China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Future Trajectory of Healthcare with Artificial Intelligence
Published in Chinmay Chakraborty, Digital Health Transformation with Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence, 2022
A. Siva Sakthi, S. Niveda, S. Srinitha
Daniel et al. [30] proposed that the concept robotic surgery starts with the invention of laparoscopic surgery in the late 1990s. It has an advantage of minimal hospital stays, less pain, and cosmetically appeal, when compared to traditional operations. With advancements in technology, the surgeries were assisted using the partially computer-controlled device called robots. In robot-assisted surgery, the robots act as a remote extension where it has all the surgical instruments connected to its arms and the master surgeon who controls it through the console. The robots will provide a HD image of the inner body and the surgeon who sits at a computer console will remotely operate the robots to perform surgeries. With robots, one can make minimally invasive surgery possible for almost all situations. With the advent of AI in the medical field, it also finds its application in surgeries. Xiao-Yun et al. [31] proposed that the AI enabled robots can solve problems and make decisions during the surgery. AI in robotic surgery is used in three main decision-making steps: 1. Pre-operative planning; 2. Intra-operative guidance; and 3. Surgical Robots. The overview of AI in surgery is shown in Figure 9.2
Machine Learning Applications In Medical Image Processing
Published in Sanjay Saxena, Sudip Paul, High-Performance Medical Image Processing, 2022
Tanmay Nath, Martin A. Lindquist
Surgical robots (also known as robot-assisted surgery or robotic surgery) allow doctors to perform surgery with more precision, control, and flexibility than using conventional techniques. Currently, the ™da Vinci surgical system is the state-of-the-art technique for robotic surgery. It includes specialized “arms” for holding the instruments, camera, magnified screen, computer console, and other surgical accessories. To operate using the robotic system, the doctor makes a tiny incision in the body and inserts the surgical instruments and camera. The doctor uses the external computer console to guide the instrument to the surgical site and perform surgery. The doctor is always in control of the robot and the system responds to directions provided by the doctor.
Toward Standard Guidelines to Design the Sense of Embodiment in Teleoperation Applications: A Review and Toolbox
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Sara Falcone, Gwenn Englebienne, Jan Van Erp, Dirk Heylen
Robot-assisted surgery was developed to overcome the limitations of preexisting minimally invasive surgical procedures and to enhance the capabilities of surgeons. The surgeon uses a direct telemanipulator, or a computer control, to control the device and the instruments. Another advantage of using robot-assisted surgery is that the surgeon does not have to be present, leading to the possibility for remote surgery. In this scenario, tasks of microassembly and microteleoperation are common. The main challenge is to create a connection and transparency between the macro world of the operators and the nano world in which they have to tele-operate the system. Particularly, the focus is on optimizing the motion control in constrained workspaces (Funda et al., 1996), and increasing dexterity and degrees of freedom (Madhani et al., 1998) safely. For a surgical scenario, especially due to the importance of tasks involving hand-eye coordination, the relevant embodiment components are: the sense of agency and self-location.
Application of multi-component fluid model in studies of the origin of skin burns during electrosurgical procedures
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Marija Radmilović-Radjenović, Martin Sabo, Branislav Radjenović
In the past few decades, computer modelling and simulations have evolved into powerful tools that complement laboratory experiments and analytical models in almost all research areas including medicine (Dufaye et al. 2013; Lu et al. 2014; Lin and Lan 2019). Furthermore, robot-assisted surgery is widely used as an effective approach to improve the safety and reliability of the surgical procedure including tissue compression and heating (Li et al. 2016). Despite its importance, the literature on modelling of sparking enhanced burns is still limited. A spark counter as a control unit of an electrosurgical device has been studied by Wurzer et al. (1997). Maciel and De developed a real time physics-based virtual electrosurgical simulation tool connecting heat generation in the tissue to the applied electric potential (Maciel and De 2008). Later on a real-time simulation of minimally invasive surgery including the interaction of the electrosurgical tool with soft tissue has been performed (Lu et al. 2014). Although surgical burns remain a key concern for patient safety, they did not consider the possibility of electrical arcs through the intervening air. To reduce thermal damages to the surrounding tissues during an electrosurgical procedure, Yang et al. (2018) were focused on modelling the changes of tissue thermal conductivity and their correlations to thermal dose. Recently, two physics-centric meshfree models to simulate the deformation and dissection of soft tissue involving the thermal transmission and phase change from solid into gas have been developed (Pan et al. 2019).
Patient positioning by visualising surgical robot rotational workspace in augmented reality
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Marek Żelechowski, Murali Karnam, Balázs Faludi, Nicolas Gerig, Georg Rauter, Philippe C. Cattin
Many systems used for robot-assisted surgery (RAS) nowadays adopt a master-slave strategy, with a surgeon control console and a robotic manipulator on a mobile cart that remains at a fixed position during surgery, e.g. DaVinci Surgical Robot, Intuitive Surgical, USA, and REVO-I Robotic Surgical System, Meere Company, South Korea (Rao (2018)). Using a mobile cart allows for more flexibility to adapt the OR to specific procedures with or without a robot. However, each procedure involving a robot requires positioning the cart and preparing the robot. One of the contributing factors is the extra time required to prepare the robot – draping, positioning, and finally docking the robotic arms (Iranmanesh et al. (2010), Cofran et al. (2021), van der Schans et al. (2020)).