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Microfluidic Platforms for Wound Healing Analysis
Published in Raju Khan, Chetna Dhand, S. K. Sanghi, Shabi Thankaraj Salammal, A. B. P. Mishra, Advanced Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 2022
Lynda Velutheril Thomas, Priyadarsini Sreenivasan
Iron, which is another cofactor required for collagen synthesis, moderates the immune response during inflammation. This is elucidated by the prolongation effect on inflammation as is seen in cases of iron deficiency. However, there are no proven studies about the effects of this factor, suggesting that iron supplementation alone would improve wound healing in the absence of a severe deficiency in the host. Lu et al. (2017) demonstrated a rapid diagnostic test and mobile-enabled platform for simultaneously quantifying iron (ferritin), vitamin A (retinol-binding protein), and inflammation (C-reactive protein) status. Yap et al. (2018) reviewed the potential microfluidics applications in the field of nutrition, specifically to diagnose iron deficiency anemia (IDA) detection. Li et al. (2013) discussed the potential chances for microfluidics in the field of nutrition in their review and highlighted some of the recent advances in microfluidics blood analysis systems that have the capacity to detect biomarkers of nutrition.
Exposure and Health Surveillance in Gulf War Veterans Exposed to Depleted Uranium
Published in Alexandra C. Miller, Depleted Uranium, 2006
Katherine S. Squibb, Melissa A. McDiarmid
Changes in other serum and urine parameters also have shown no pattern of progressive changes except for a consistent, though nonsignificant, increase in the urinary excretion of the low molecular weight retinol-binding protein (RBP) since 2001. This could be an indication of early changes in renal proximal tubule function. These results have been accompanied by inconsistent changes in total urine protein, however, and no differences have been observed in beta2-microglobulin or two other markers of renal cell damage, NAG and IAP. RBP excretion will continue to be carefully monitored, based on work by Squibb et al. [17], which reports that predicted renal concentrations of U in the DU-exposed soldiers excreting the highest concentrations of U are likely to have already accumulated U in their kidneys to concentrations approaching 1 ppm. Although a critical threshold of 3 ppm was established for workers in U industries in 1960 by the ICRP [31], more recent work suggests that a 10-fold lower concentration (0.3 ppm) may be more protective [10,32,33].
Effects of Whole Body Vibration in Adult Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome
Published in Redha Taiar, Christiano Bittencourt Machado, Xavier Chiementin, Mario Bernardo-Filho, Whole Body Vibrations, 2019
D. da Cunha de Sá-Caputo, M. Fritsch Neves, Mario Bernardo-Filho
Oda (2012) pointed out that high energy fast-food environment, sedentary life style, and other obesogenic socioeconomic environment factors have contributed to an obesity pandemic in the developed world. Moreover, genetic predisposition to obesity and proinflammatory reactions would be also associated with the MetS. As the adipose tissue secretes humoral substances, such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, retinol binding protein-4, and adipocyte-type fatty acid binding protein, obesity has been considered as an endocrine and inflammatory disorder related with IR rather than anthropometric fatness.
The association between retinol-binding protein 4 and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Xiaomeng Tan, Han Zhang, Limin Liu, Zengli Yu, Xinxin Liu, Lingling Cui, Yao Chen, Huanhuan Zhang, Zhan Gao, Zijian Zhao
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) was initially considered as a hormone secreted by the liver and a transporter that transports retinol from the liver to peripheral tissues (Quadro et al. 2003). However, a meta-analysis reported that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and simple steatosis (SS) patients have not altered RBP4 levels, although there was substantial unexplained between-study heterogeneity (Zhou et al. 2017). Recent research has found that adipocyte is another important source of RBP4, RBP4 was therefore considered as an adipokine (Newcomer and Ong 2000). Animal experiments have proven that RBP4 could change insulin sensitivity. Transgenic overexpression of human RBP4 or injection of purified RBP4 can lead to insulin resistance in mice (Yang et al. 2005). Meanwhile, an increased level of serum RBP4 level was reported to induce the expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase and impaire insulin signal transmission in muscles and liver of mouse (Yang et al. 2005), that is the characteristic of diabetes. Conversely, some studies have also observed an opposite correlation between RBP4 and insulin sensitivity in humans (Suh et al. 2010; Meisinger et al. 2011). In addition to insulin resistance, insulin deficiency is also one of the mechanisms leading to diabetes, and islet β cell dysfunction is the main reason for insulin secretion reduction. Researches have reported that RBP4 is related to β cell dysfunction (Broch et al. 2007; Ribel-Madsen et al. 2009). A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that the levels of circulating RBP4 of T2DM patients with micro/macroalbuminuria or declined estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly higher, and the levels of circulating RBP4 were positively correlated with albumin-to-createnine ratio (ACR) but negatively related to eGFR (Zhang et al. 2020). Furthermore, epidemiological studies have indicated that elevated RBP4 is positively correlated to T2DM incidence (Jagannathan et al. 2015; Fan et al. 2019; Cho et al. 2020). In contrast, some cross-sectional studies showed that there was no association between RBP4 and T2DM (Chavez et al. 2009; Ulgen et al. 2010; Kaess et al. 2012). Therefore, conclusions about the relationship between RBP4 levels and the risk of T2DM are inconclusive.