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Essential Inquiries: Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging
Published in Lawrence T. Dauer, Bae P. Chu, Pat B. Zanzonico, Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging, 2018
Pat B. Zanzonico, Bae P. Chu, Lawrence T. Dauer
According to the hormesis model, individuals that have been exposed to low radiation doses actually have a lower subsequent risk of cancer than those who have not, presumably as a result of radiogenic upregulation of cellular repair mechanisms or other adaptive response(s) (Vaiserman 2010a, 2010b). Although radiation hormesis had been largely dismissed for many years, there are mounting creditable data in the peer-reviewed scientific literature supporting this phenomenon (Calabrese and Blain 2011). Feinendegen, for example, recently reviewed a number of pre-clinical studies demonstrating radiation hormesis and, in particular, radioprotective adaptive responses to low-dose irradiation and concluded that radiation doses less than about 600 mGy (60 cGy) induced a pronounced (~50%) protective effect against a variety of molecular, cellular, and whole-animal radiation effects (Feinendegen 2016).
Strategies for Exposure Monitoring and Instrumentation
Published in Frances Alston, Emily J. Millikin, Willie Piispanen, Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Frances Alston, Emily J. Millikin, Willie Piispanen
The radiation hormesis model provides that exposure of the human body to low levels of ionizing radiation is beneficial and protects the human body against deleterious effects of high levels of radiation. The LNT model, on the other hand, provides that radiation is always considered harmful, there is no safety threshold, and biological damage caused by ionizing radiation (essentially the cancer risk) is directly proportional to the amount of radiation exposure to the human body (response linearity). Chronic health impacts from exposure to ionizing radiation are directly proportional to dose. Over the years, there has been debate about whether low levels of radiation can cause positive health benefits. The LNT model is still the most recognized exposure model in health physics, and is the basis of regulatory requirements. Conversely, the linear threshold (LT) model is widely used in industrial hygiene and the exposure assessment process for noncarcinogen contaminants.
Health Effects of Low Level Radiation
Published in Kenneth D. Kok, Nuclear Engineering Handbook, 2016
Radiation hormesis has been demonstrated to be real phenomenon in experiments on plants, bacteria, insects, animals, and with epidemiological and demographic data from humans. Not only does hormesis apply to radiation but also to low doses of physical, chemical, and biological agents. This is especially true for most pharmaceuticals. So why is it considered so unusual for radiation? According to T.D. Luckey, there are over 3000 references which support the hormetic effect of radiation.
Professor Ludwik Dobrzyński (1941–2022)
Published in Phase Transitions, 2023
In 1997, Professor Dobrzyński also worked at IBJ (now the National Center for Nuclear Research, NCBJ) in Świerk. In 1998, as the director, he started to organise the Education and Training Department (DEiS). As an expert in the field of nuclear energy, he repeatedly reported the causes and effects of the Chernobyl disaster and the Fukushima malfunction. Professor Dobrzyński became interested in the issue of the so-called radiation hormesis.