China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Imaging flow cytometry for quantification of cellular parameters
Published in Raquel Seruca, Jasjit S. Suri, João M. Sanches, Fluorescence Imaging and Biological Quantification, 2017
One of the most used applications of imaging flow cytometry is the study of protein subcellular location [31–33]. Studies on protein trafficking have been performed by determining colocalization with specific markers, for early and late endosomes, lysosomes, and so on. As an example, it is possible to analyze trafficking of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (MHCII) molecules on specific subsets of primary mouse or human dendritic cells (DCs) [34]. DCs are a heterogeneous population of cells that uptake antigens (Ag) that are processed, loaded in MHCII, and presented on the cell’s surface, to prime naïve CD4 T cells. Imaging flow cytometry will contribute to dissect in detail the mechanisms regulating the proteostasis of MHCII-peptide complexes on DC, as well as their surface expression.
Insights into interactomics-driven drug repurposing to combat COVID-19
Published in Sanjeeva Srivastava, Multi-Pronged Omics Technologies to Understand COVID-19, 2022
Amrita Mukherjee, Ayushi Verma, Ananya Burli, Krishi Mantri, Surbhi Bihani
Cell line–based in vitro infection models require minimal ethical clearance and can be set up quickly. Therefore, proteome analysis of in vitro infection models has been utilized as a rapid means to conduct preliminary studies to identify fundamental cellular processes and host factors affected during infection. For instance, Bojkova et al. looked at the perturbations in the proteome of Caco-2 cells, a human cancer cell line, in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, revealing critical cellular pathways, viz., carbon metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, splicing, and proteostasis, among others, pertinent to viral pathogenesis (Bojkova et al. 2020). They studied the antiviral activity of inhibiting these pathways on SARS-CoV-2 infection, thereby identifying new drugs and drug targets (Bojkova et al. 2020). They observed inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by Ribavirin (an FDA-approved antiviral drug and an inhibitor of nucleotide synthesis) and 2-deoxy-d-glucose (an anticancer drug and an inhibitor of carbon metabolism), both of which are undergoing clinical trials for COVID-19 (NCT04494399, CTRI/2020/06/025664) (Hung et al. 2020; Verma et al. 2020). In another study, Bouhaddou et al. investigated the phosphoproteome of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells (a cell line originating from an African green monkey) using Mass Spectrometry (MS)–based approach (Bouhaddou et al. 2020). They studied alterations in the phosphorylation pattern of proteins and mapped the changes to disrupted kinases and pathways, highlighting how the virus utilizes the posttranslational regulatory systems to orchestrate changes in cellular signaling (Bouhaddou et al. 2020). They further identified 68 inhibitors against the most differentially regulated kinases and tested them for cellular toxicity and antiviral activity resulting in the prioritization of several FDA-approved drugs or at different stages of clinical development (Bouhaddou et al. 2020). Thus, proteomics of infection models is an attractive strategy to study the cellular processes modulated in response to infection and identify therapeutic targets for drug repurposing.
Transcriptome analysis of Takifugu obscurus liver in response to acute retene exposure
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Shulun Jiang, Di-an Fang, Dongpo Xu
Forkhead box class O (FoxO) is a nuclear protein subfamily that mediates the inhibitory actions of insulin or insulin-like growth factor on key genes. In turn, these inhibitory actions affect cell cycle regulation, energy metabolism, proteostasis, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and immunity.[9] Among the 19 FoxO signaling genes observed in this study, 18, including FOXO3, SMAD3, SMAD4, INSR, PI3K, and G1/S-specific cyclin D2 (CCND2), were significantly upregulated in response to RET exposure. The exception was tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 (FASL) (Figure 8 and Table A3). FOXO3 is a transcriptional activator.[60]In vivo, FOXO3 reportedly promotes hepatic triglyceride accumulation, impairs glucose tolerance, and contributes to the upregulation of numerous lipogenic genes, such as GPAM.[48] A similar result has been reported in Caenorhabditis elegans[61] that FOXO3 stimulates lipid accumulation, so the abnormal expression of FOXO3 may impact lipid metabolism.
Effects of mild running on substantia nigra during early neurodegeneration
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Michael F. Almeida, Carolliny M. Silva, Rodrigo S. Chaves, Nathan C. R. Lima, Renato S. Almeida, Karla P. Melo, Marilene Demasi, Tiago Fernandes, Edilamar M. Oliveira, Luis E. S. Netto, Sandra M. Cardoso, Merari F. R. Ferrari
Considering that the effects of physical exercise in early stages of protein aggregation remains poorly understood, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress, proteostasis, mitophagy and TrkB receptors levels and trafficking in the substantia nigra of aged rats during early neurodegeneration promoted by rotenone exposure.