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Fundamentals of biology and thermodynamics
Published in Mohammad E. Khosroshahi, Applications of Biophotonics and Nanobiomaterials in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
The cytoskeleton structure, located just under the membrane, is a network of fibers composed of proteins, called protein filaments. This structure is connected to other organelles. In animal cells, it is often organized from an area near the nucleus. These arrays of protein filament perform a variety of functions:Establish the cell shapeProvide mechanical strength to the cellPerform muscle contractionControl changes in cell shape and thus produce locomotionFacilitate intracellular transport of organelles
Cellular and Molecular Basis of Human Biology
Published in Lawrence S. Chan, William C. Tang, Engineering-Medicine, 2019
These meshwork of protein filament-formed polymers provides strength and movement for the cells. It supports and maintains the cell shape, holds the organelles in proper positions, and helps anchoring the cells by interacting with extracellular structures.
Ameliorative effect of vitamin E and selenium against bisphenol A-induced toxicity in spinal cord and submandibular salivary glands of adult male albino rats
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Dina W. Bashir, Yasmine H. Ahmed, Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy
Glial fibrillar acidic protein GFAP is found in many types of CNS cells, including astrocytes and is a protein filament of the intermediate type (Sobaniec-Lotowska 2001). It is an important element in astrocytic processes as it provides structural stability and helps modulate astrocyte motility and shape (Roessmann et al. 1980). In the current work, immunohistochemical evaluation of the SC of Group I rats showed a weakly positive immune reaction in the fibrillar astrocyte body and processes to GFAP in the gray and white matter. Meanwhile, the immune reaction intensity was increased in BPA-exposed rats (Group II). Similar results were reported by Ramadan et al. (2017) who stated that GFAP immune expression was up-regulated in rats sustaining CSCI on day 7. In astrogliosis, rapid synthesis of GFAP takes place. This may occur due to CNS injury, whether because of chemical factors, trauma, genetic disorders, or disease (Li et al. 2009). Bisphenol A caused activation of astrocytes as a compensatory mechanism for the neuronal damage caused by it. These alterations were previously recorded in other forms of neurotoxicity (Borlongan et al. 2000).