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Reproductive system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Midline sagittal images allow measurement of the AP diameter of the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet. From transverse sections it is possible to measure the transverse inlet at its widest point and the bi-spinous diameter. With this method, provided that the system is calibrated, there will be no magnification or diminution of the distances recorded. Operator measurements should be taken twice and an average value used.
Age targeted human body models indicate increased thoracic injury risk with aging
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2022
B. Wade von Kleeck, Zach Hostetler, Kevin Fleischmann, Ashley A. Weaver, F. Scott Gayzik
The M50 + Aged models pelvises were modified to match aging targets from Kolesova et al. (Kolesova, Kolesovs, and Vetra 2017). Kolesova provided regressions with age and sex on several sagittal and frontal pelvis size measurements. The M50-O pelvis was morphed in HyperMesh 2019 (Altair, Troy, Michigan) to match targets for each age. For the F05 + Aged models the pelvis could not be morphed to the regressed size values due to the model being a 5th percentile and the regressions describing the mean. Instead, regressions with age for the ratio of frontal to sagittal plane measurements of the pelvic inlet, pelvic midplane 1, pelvic midplane 2 and pelvic outlet were applied to the F50-O pelvis. Like the M50-O, the F05-O pelvis was morphed in HyperMesh to match the adjusted geometry.
Why introducing biomechanical considerations into obstetrical management of women from pregnancy to delivery?
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
The increase rates of cesarean section have led major obstetrical organizations worldwide to issue recommendations. These initiatives have allowed a stabilization but not a decrease in cesarean section rates, suggesting that novel complementary approaches are required. Current recommendations rely mainly on clinical or epidemiological obstetrical research, with little consideration for the biomechanical aspects of labor. Approximatively 30% of emergency cesarean sections are due to dystocia, which is defined as a slow and abnormal progression of labor. Dystocia is mainly a biomechanical complication and emerging hypotheses posit that mobilizing the lumbar-pelvic-thigh complex of women in labor (parturients) could allow better progression of the fetus, and thus reduce the number of emergency cesarean sections. The orientation of the pelvis (pelvic inlet plane) relative to the fetal axis trajectory, the flatness of the lumbar spine and uterine contractions are three of the most critical factors in labor. They are particularly important actors with regard to dystocia because they control the movement of the fetus towards the birth canal. Surprisingly, little has been done to monitor these aspects and understand their exact roles. Recently, it was shown that mobilizing the women’s lumbar-pelvic-thigh complex influences the relative orientation of the pelvis and the lumbar spine flatness, suggesting that dystocia could be addressed by optimal mobilization of the parturients. While promising, further research and technical development are necessary before the concept of optimal lumbarpelvic-thigh complex mobilization could be used in the clinics.