China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nanotherapeutics: Enabling Vitamin D3 as a Multifaceted Nutraceutical
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Krantisagar S. More, Vinod S. Ipar, Amit S. Lokhande, Anisha A. D’souza, Padma V. Devarajan
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder, the hallmark of which is recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Many people with epilepsy experience more than one type of seizure and may have other symptoms of neurological problems as well. Vitamin D produces anti-epileptic action after binding of 1,25(OH)D to VDR and regulating the expression of several proteins expressed in the nervous system including neurotrophins such as neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4, and nerve growth factor and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor as well as parvalbumin a calcium binding protein and inhibiting the synthesis of the nitric oxid synthetase (Mpandzou et al., 2016). Parvalbumin, known for its antiepileptic effects while inhibiting nitric oxide synthetase, is thought to convey general neuroprotective effects. Vitamin D, after binding to membrane-bound VDR, modulates the expression of GABA(A) receptor, thus controlling neuronal excitability (Hollo et al., 2014; Pendo and DeGiorgio, 2016).
Consequences of space radiation on the brain and cardiovascular system
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2021
Catherine M. Davis, Antiño R. Allen, Dawn E. Bowles
Environmental stressors often engender chronic disruptions in the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the brain, leading to neurobehavioral dysfunction. The results described above support possible disruptions to E/I balance within the mPFC as an underlying mechanism of radiation-induced neurobehavioral deficits, but this hypothesis has yet to be directly tested. Within the mPFC, parvalbumin (PV) interneurons provide inhibitory input to principal neurons and are critical to maintaining this balance.93 In rodents, x-ray radiation exposure reduces activation of the mPFC (infralimbic cortex), most likely through reductions in GABAergic neurotransmission in PV neurons, leading to deficits in fear-based conditioning.94 Further, total cortical GABA release is also decreased following combined irradiation with gamma rays and 12C.95