China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Design and Development of Low-cost Portable Mechanical Ventilator
Published in Purna Chandra Mishra, Muhamad Mat Noor, Anh Tuan Hoang, Advances in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 2022
Ambuj Maheshwari, Saksham Agarwal, Himanshu Verma, Ateeb Ahmad Khan
We used an adult-size Ambu bag (Fig. 30.2) having an approximate bag volume of 1700 ml for our design and simulation. The material of its bellow is silicon rubber to withstand autoclave at 134 deg. C. Pop-off valve/pressure relief valve is included in the design to prevent the over-pressurisation of the lungs. Under normal circumstances, the pressure in the lungs at the end of the expiratory cycle is almost equal to the atmospheric pressure. To prevent lung collapse at the end of expiration in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients, we have used PEEP valve connectors in the AMBU Bag. PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) refers to the application of additional pressure at the end of the expiratory cycle to maintain pressure in the lung slightly above atmospheric pressure. This is the most crucial factor to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury and maintain oxygenation. PEEP should not be too high because it can cause blood pressure to fall. (Mason, no date)(Hess, 2011)
Clinical Workflows Supported by Patient Care Device Data
Published in John R. Zaleski, Clinical Surveillance, 2020
After surgery, the CABG patient is brought from the OR into the ICU. Once the patient has arrived, he or she is transferred to a mechanical ventilator. Adult patients are typically initiated at a level of mandatory breathing on the mechanical ventilator of between 10 and 12 breaths per minute. Each mandatory breath initiated by the ventilator causes a specific volume of mixed air to enter the lungs. The preset mandatory tidal volume is assigned by respiratory therapy at a level typically based on protocols of 5 mL/kg of ideal body weight. Normally, a small amount of positive pressure is maintained within the lungs in order to increase perfusion. This pressure, commonly referred to as positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is set at the beginning of ventilation. A value of 5 cmH2O is common in patients not experiencing any pulmonary or cardiovascular problems [38] [109, pp. 468–481].
Non-Interferometric Techniques for X-ray Phase-Contrast Biomedical Imaging
Published in Paolo Russo, Handbook of X-ray Imaging, 2017
Paul Claude Diemoz, Alberto Bravin, Paola Coan, Luigi Rigon
Kitchen et al. (2014) studied how changes in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) alter the distribution of ventilation within the lung immediately after birth in newborn rabbits. Initiating ventilation with 10 PEEP (i.e., with PEEP = 10 cm H2O) resulted in a uniform increase in functional residual capacity throughout the lung, whereas initiating ventilation with 5 PEEP or 0 PEEP preferentially aerated the upper right quadrant rather than both lower quadrants. With ventilation at 10 PEEP, the distribution of air at end-inflation was uniform across all quadrants and remained so, regardless of the PEEP level. Thus, uniform distribution of ventilation can be achieved by initiating ventilation with a high PEEP.
Hybrid optimization techniques based automatic artificial respiration system for corona patient
Published in Automatika, 2022
S. Sakthiya Ram, C. Kumar, A. Ramesh Kumar, T. Rajesh
Swarm-based optimization techniques were used for designing PID controllers for artificial respiration systems. The Constricted Class Topper Optimization algorithm gives better results when compared to Class Topper Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization techniques [7]. The self-adaptive particle swarm optimization is designed for the selection of a wide range of features. The SaPSO gives better results in terms of classification accuracy than Evolutionary and Non Evolutionary computation counterparts [8]. A mechanical ventilator is designed and examined to implement the control methods that help researchers by outlining new trends. Classical and Intelligent control ventilators have been designed using volume, time, pressure, and flow [9]. The Fuzzy Logic-based controller is considered for controlling the pressure in a mechanical ventilator system. It is concluded that the Fuzzy algorithm-based controller has the ability to regulate the level of pressure support ventilation from continuous measurements of a patient's vital signs [10]. The dual closed-loop control system is designed for the mechanical ventilation system. To automatically change the oxygen concentration in the patient's intake air, the controller uses the response from the patient's arterial oxygen saturation and combines a rapid stepwise monitoring protocol with a PID control algorithm [11]. For patients on mechanical ventilation, a method for controlling the fraction of inspired oxygen (F(IO2)) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is designed. F(IO2) is regulated in this method by two interacting mechanisms: a fine control mechanism and a rapid stepwise protocol that is used when the patient's oxygen saturation level (S(pO2)) drops suddenly [12].
Devices for ex vivo heart and lung perfusion
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Dean P. Schraufnagel, Robert J. Steffen, Patrick R. Vargo, Tamer Attia, Haytham Elgharably, Saad M. Hasan, Alejandro Bribriesco, Per Wierup
The ventilator settings for the Lund Protocol are volume control mode with a low tidal volume (5–7 ml/kg), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm H20, respiratory rate 7–20 breaths per minute, and fractional percentage of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 50%. During the assessment phase, the Lund Protocol calls for increasing PEEP as their recruitment method of choice. The lungs are deemed acceptable for transplantation when the PO2/FiO2 > 300 mm Hg with normal pulmonary vascular resistance, airway pressure, lung compliance, and an acceptable X-ray [18].