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Interaction in Augmented Reality Image-Guided Surgery
Published in Terry M. Peters, Cristian A. Linte, Ziv Yaniv, Jacqueline Williams, Mixed and Augmented Reality in Medicine, 2018
Simon Drouin, D. L. Collins, M. Kersten-Oertel
The classical keyboard and mouse interaction paradigm is not suitable for interactions between surgeons and surgical augmented environments (Navab et al. 2007; Bichlmeier et al. 2009). A major constraint for interaction, owing to the operating room (OR) environment, is the sterile boundary; when the surgeon is scrubbed, they would need to break asepsis to use the input devices to manipulate the images and system. Therefore, typically it is not the end-user of the IGS system (i.e., the surgeon) who interacts with the system but rather a technician or member of the surgical team receiving verbal instructions from the surgeon. This type of indirect communication is often slow and prone to errors and misunderstandings resulting from verbal ambiguities (Onceanu and Stewart 2011). To overcome these issues, a number of research groups have begun to study natural user interfaces that can interpret human action without direct contact. In AR IGS systems, voice interfaces, gesture-based interfaces, and tracked surgical tools have been explored to control the IGS system.
Mathematical Pathology
Published in Vittorio Cristini, Eugene J. Koay, Zhihui Wang, An Introduction to Physical Oncology, 2017
Vittorio Cristini, Eugene J. Koay, Zhihui Wang
When pathologists examine patient biopsies of breast tissue with DCIS, they are looking to see whether the neoplastic cells have stayed within the duct (in situ disease) or invaded through it. They are also looking at how aggressive the cells look (i.e., the tumor grade), among other features. DCIS has been described as having a short initial stage of fast growth in its development, followed by a longer stage of slow growth—or zero growth. By the time DCIS shows up on a mammogram, most patients will have had the disease for at least five months, as this is the time necessary for buildup of microcalcifications in individual ducts, which are then detectable by mammography. These microcalcifications appear as fine lines in mammograms, as if small thread fragments were scattered through the tissue. These are actually the remnant of necrotic cells found at the core of breast ducts and reveal the development of the cancer. Before planning surgery, a team of physicians (radiologists, pathologists, and surgeons) will determine the boundary of the breast tissue affected by DCIS and decide how much tissue needs to be removed. Oftentimes, immediately before surgery, a radiologist places a needle or other marker to localize the center of the tumor with the help of x-rays. In the operating room, the surgeon will then measure the amount of tissue to remove around the needle-localized tumor.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Robotics
Published in John G Webster, Minimally Invasive Medical Technology, 2016
Rovetta et al (1995) report on performing the first transatlantic experiment involving telesurgery. A robot in Milan, Italy, was used to perform surgery on a model of a pig while the controller was in Pasadena, CA. The two stations were linked by two communications satellites and a fiber-optic network. The robot was provided with a cutting tool, which it used to make an initial incision as directed by the operator in California. A surgeon in the operating room then inserted a trocar and fiber-optic camera into the pig. The robot then used a biopsy needle, which was advanced into the liver of the pig. The needle was removed and the material aspirated. The robot was then used to make an incision again through which the surgeon in the operating room could remove a cyst using forceps.
Comparison of surgical gloves: perforation, satisfaction and manual dexterity
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Tulay Basak, Gul Sahin, Ayla Demirtas
Operating rooms are working environments with significant biological safety risks. One serious potential problem arises when scrub nurses are in direct contact with blood, urine, bile, saliva, tears and other body fluids during surgery. Scrub nurses are at risk of contracting the most commonly transmitted pathogens, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), when exposed to devices contaminated with blood and body fluids [1]. It has been reported that the risk of being infected during surgery is 0.3–0.4% for HIV, 6–30% for HBV and 2.7–10% for HCV [2]. For this reason, taking measures to prevent exposure is of great importance. One such measure is the use of gloves. Personal equipment and gloves provide barriers that protect against infectious diseases.
The effects of medical staff turning movements on airflow distribution and particle concentration in an operating room
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2020
Haslinda Mohamed Kamar, Keng Yinn Wong, Nazri Kamsah
An operating room (OR), also known as an operating theatre, is a healthcare facility that enables surgeons to carry out surgical operations. The majority of ORs worldwide employ cleanroom technology to provide a highly controlled and clean environment for both the patients and the hospital's personnel. It is necessary to maintain a contaminant-free environment for the patient during surgical procedures. Recent studies concluded that 98% of surgical site infections (SSI) were due to the settlement of airborne particles on the patients’ wounds (Chauveaux 2015; Talon et al. 2006). A study conducted by Karlatti and Havannavar (2016) found that post-operational SSI rates were increased when the surgery was performed in unclean surroundings. It has been estimated that nearly 3% to 5% of patients who underwent surgery in clean environments developed SSIs (Singh, Singla, and Chaudhary 2014), whereas surgical procedures performed in ultra clean environments were associated with an SSI incidence rate as low as 1% (Olsen et al. 2016).
Critical investigation of glove–gown interface barrier performance in simulated surgical settings
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Zafer Kahveci, F. Selcen Kilinc-Balci, Patrick L. Yorio
During surgery, both operating room (OR) personnel and patients are at risk of exposure to contaminated body fluids. Surgical attire, such as gowns and gloves, act as a barrier to protect OR personnel and patients from infectious body fluids. There are many studies and surveys in the literature, which demonstrated that skin and blood contact is not a rare occurrence for healthcare personnel (HCP).[1–5] In addition, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are of concern. It is estimated that 1.4 million people worldwide suffer from HAIs at any given time. HAIs are the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, and approximately 1 in 10 hospitalized patients acquires an infection after admission.[6,7] Furthermore, recent epidemics of infectious diseases highlighted the need for more reliable personal protective equipment (PPE) with less number and leak-proof junctions.[8] Therefore, effective PPE is vital to reduce the exposure risk to both HCP and patients.