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Post-mineral Excavation Sites as Novel Ecosystems and Examples of Socio-environmental Resilience
Published in Artur Dyczko, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Gabriela Woźniak, Green Scenarios: Mining Industry Responses to Environmental Challenges of the Anthropocene Epoch, 2022
Gabriela Woźniak, Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Due to the spontaneous occurrence of nutrient-poor oligotrophic water, wetland, and terrestrial vegetation assemblages, the natural processes show insufficient conservation efforts through ecological reserves. The Novel Ecosystem approach can help ensure long-term protection of the oligotrophic habitats and ecosystems generated in the Anthropocene (Waltert et al. 2011). Furthermore, the current examples of the intensity and dynamics of ecosystem and environmental phenomena expand the current knowledge about the mechanisms involved (Evers et al. 2018). The poor oligotrophic mineral habitats with their moisture gradients (opencast sandpits, quarry excavations, e.g., base-rich limestone, Cambrian sandstone and post-coal mine heaps) provide refuge habitats for many organisms that had been diminished or extirpated along with the intense application of nutrients on agricultural land and subsequent eutrophication.
Environmental hydraulics
Published in Amithirigala Widhanelage Jayawardena, Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources for Civil Engineers, 2021
Amithirigala Widhanelage Jayawardena
A water body can be classified as oligotrophic, mesotrophic or eutrophic. Oligotrophic implies that the water body does not receive sufficient nutrients to sustain aquatic life and eutrophic implies that the water body receives too much nutrients. Mesotrophic is somewhere in between. Too much nutrients also have their negative effects. The nutrients are mainly nitrogen and phosphorus which may be released into a water body as point sources such as for example through sewage outfalls, or as non-point sources from the surrounding catchments and agricultural fields via runoff. Excessive nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) cause excessive growth of algae which depletes the oxygen in the water body. When the algae die bacterial degradation of the biomass causes oxygen consumption and thereby oxygen depletion in the water body. The plants beneath the algal bloom cannot survive because the algae block the sunlight necessary for photosynthesis. The dead plant matter decomposes using the dissolved oxygen in the water body. The water body then cannot support life and fish-kill is a common occurrence in such water bodies. Other forms of reduction of biodiversity can also take place.
Lakes and Reservoirs: Pollution
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Water Resources and Hydrological Systems, 2020
Subhankar Karmakar, O.M. Musthafa
Lakes can be classified based on their trophic state as “eutrophic,” “mesotrophic,” and “oligotrophic.” The word “trophic” means nutrition or growth. A eutrophic lake is characterized by the presence of a high concentration of plant nutrients and associated excess plant growth. On the other hand, an oligotrophic lake is characterized by low nutrient concentrations and low plant growth. Mesotrophic lakes fall in between these two. The major factors that regulate the trophic status of a lake are as follows: 1) rate of nutrient supply; 2) climatic condition (sunlight, temperature, precipitation, lake basin turnover time, etc.), and 3) morphometry/shape of lake basin (mean and maximum depth, volume and surface area, watershed-to-lake surface area ratio, etc.).[5]
Methane dynamics of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada California: the role of elevation, temperature, and inorganic nutrients
Published in Inland Waters, 2021
Elisabet Perez-Coronel, Stephen C. Hart, J. Michael Beman
High-elevation lakes are often oligotrophic, such that changes in nutrient concentrations can affect the overall ecology of the lake. Higher nutrient input to lakes can alter lake community structure and enhance primary productivity and CH4 production (Tranvik et al. 2009, Reay et al. 2018). Overall, we found low concentrations of all dissolved inorganic nutrients, consistent with oligotrophic conditions prevalent in high-elevation lakes. In particular, we found low but detectable concentrations through most of the ice-free season in most lakes, consistent with findings from a long-term study of Emerald Lake in the Sierra Nevada (Sickman et al. 2003). We focused on inorganic nutrient concentrations because previous work has shown that ecological changes associated with nutrient enrichment can affect CH4 fluxes. However, we did not observe significant relationships between CH4 concentrations and DIP.
A Limnological Yardstick based on phosphorus limitation
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2022
Mark V. Hoyer, Daniel E. Canfield
Naumann (1929) also developed the common trophic state terminology based on quantitative production of phytoplankton that is still used today. Oligotrophic lakes are those with low nutrients and algal production, and eutrophic lakes have high nutrients and high algal production. While Naumann’s primary classification system was based on algal/plant production, he understood that factors other than nutrients (temperature, light, and chemical factors such as calcium, humic content, iron, pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) could also impact algal production; thus, he added additional classification terminology (lake types) to account for these factors.
Natural controls on phosphorus concentrations in small Lakes in Central Alberta, Canada
Published in Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 2023
Konstantin von Gunten, David Trew, Brian Smerdon, Daniel S. Alessi
The quality of inland waters is often described by trophic state, which is determined by the concentrations of nutrients, e.g. phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and primary production. While nutrient-poor and less productive lakes (i.e. oligotrophic) often provide the ideal niche for many plant and animal species, the opposite nutrient-rich state (i.e. eutrophic) favours the flourishing of highly competitive species, which can lead to an irreversible impairment of the water body for human use (Carpenter et al. 1998). Certain lakes in Alberta, Canada suffer from high nutrient loads and eutrophication, often caused by nearby anthropogenic activities. Many lakes on the prairie landscape are eutrophic to hypereutrophic, due to nutrient-rich surface deposits (Orihel et al. 2017) and widespread agricultural land use. Many attempts have been made to mitigate lake eutrophication, including the use of chemicals to precipitate out P phases, which are then sequestered in sediments (Cooke et al. 2016). Specifically, elevated concentrations of Fe in solution can lead to the precipitation of P as Fe-phosphate phases. Artificial Fe additions in lakes have been performed since the 1960s as a means to reduce P availability, with successful experiments on certain lakes in Canada using the addition of Fe(Cl)3 (Orihel et al. 2016). While Fe can effectively bind P under oxic conditions, mainly in the form of vivianite, anoxia and especially the presence of H2S can lead to the resolubilization of Fe-bound P, making this chemical treatment temporary. In such cases, Ca becomes important as an alternative binding agent. Babin et al. (1989), Prepas et al. (2001) and Dittrich et al. (2011) demonstrated that treatment of stormwater ponds and small lakes in Alberta with Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 can significantly increase the removal of dissolved P through binding to Ca, which can lead to a reduction of algal biomass. Phosphorus may not only form sparingly soluble Ca-phosphates (Bańkowska-Sobczak et al. 2020), but it can also co-precipitate with calcite (Otsuki and Wetzel 1972; Danen-Louwerse, Lijklema, and Coenraats 1995).