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Bio-based Material Protein and Its Novel Applications
Published in Shakeel Ahmed, Saiqa Ikram, Suvardhan Kanchi, Krishna Bisetty, Biocomposites, 2018
Tanvir Arfin, Pooja R. Mogarkar
There are mainly the proteins that have nucleic acids in the form of prosthetic groups containing the nucleus of the cell, chromosomes, ribose, protamines, and histones. They are accompanied by the DNA and are known as nucleoproteins and nucleohistones. Nucleoproteins are complexes of proteins and nucleic acids. Nucleic acids readily combine with proteins to form the complexes. Phosphoproteins are proteins conjugated with inorganic phosphate. The most widely known phosphoproteins are the milk protein casein and the enzyme pepsin.
Application of Artificial Intelligence on Post Pandemic Situation and Lesson Learn for Future Prospects
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Priyanka Dwivedi, Achintya Kumar Sarkar, Chinmay Chakraborty, Monoj Singha, Vineet Rojwal
As discussed, earlier CoV-2 has several proteins like spike (S), nucleoprotein (N), envelope protein, glycoprotein, membrane matrix protein etc. These proteins can also be used for antigens to detect it. Among all the proteins S and N proteins are mostly used as antigen-based detection. Similar to antigen, antibodies like immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are effective to determine the virus using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (Xiang et al., 2020). ELISA is an enzyme-based detection method. But the ELISA method is a time-consuming process. To shorten the diagnostics time, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is used (Yu et al., 2020). Though these processes are reliable and able to diagnose the virus, it has some drawbacks like it is a time-consuming process or the microchip is not available in sufficient amounts. Therefore, there is a need for technology to shorten the processing time or use alternative methods for diagnostic purposes.
DeepCOVID-19: A model for identification of COVID-19 virus sequences with genomic signal processing and deep learning
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Emmanuel Adetiba, Joshua A. Abolarinwa, Anthony A. Adegoke, Tunmike B. Taiwo, Oluwaseun T. Ajayi, Abdultaofeek Abayomi, Joy N. Adetiba, Joke A. Badejo
Coronaviruses (CoV) are among the aetiological agents of human diseases (Chen et al., 2020). The critically important group called the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus (Boheemen et al., 2012). SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Epidemics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) in China in 2002–2003 led to about 10% mortality from 8,000 cases. In addition, there was the endemic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) in the Arabian Peninsula for around 8 years (Cheng et al., 2007; Chan et al., 2013). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA virus. The RNA genome is linked to a nucleoprotein inside a capsid containing matrix protein. Structurally, they are either spherical or pleomorphic with glycoprotein projection in its envelope. (Haan et al., 1998) remarked that some Coronaviruses bear Hemagglutinin-Esterase (HE) protein.
Ascorbic acid ameliorated the sperm quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against arsenic toxicity: Impact on oxidative stress, fertility ability and embryo development
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2022
Filiz Kutluyer Kocabaş, Mehmet Kocabaş, Önder Aksu, Yeliz Çakir Sahilli
The spermatozoa of rainbow trout have short-lasting motility (30-60 s). Therefore, hazardous environmental factors may alter sperm quality and fertilization success. Especially, aquatic pollution adversely affects sperm cells of many fish species with external fertilization.7–9 The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs when spermatozoa are exposed to some toxicants.10,11 Due to generation of ROS, oxidative stress in spermatozoa causes deleterious effects on cellular functionality, membrane stability, mitochondrial midpiece and axonemal structure, acrosomal reaction, macromolecules and nucleoprotein-DNA structural interaction.12–15 To minimize and neutralize potential damage by the ROS, antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) are particularly important.16 Ascorbic acid (AA) is known as vitamin C and water-soluble.17,18 AA is chain-breaking antioxidant playing a major role many biochemical reactions in human and animals.19 To the best of our knowledge, no information is available about ameliorative effect of AA on As induced oxidative stress in rainbow trout sperm until now. According to the briefly mentioned roles of AA, the current study aimed to assess the capability of AA to decrease the adverse impact of As on sperm motility parameters, antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers, fertility ability and embryo development of rainbow trout of sperm.